Annual Progress Report
PhD Research Scholar
Under Supervision Of: Presented By:
Dr.Prakash Ranjan Sunil Malviya
Associate Dean Phd Research Scholar
(Alumni & Institutional Relations) Roll No:2103010
Student Particulars
Report August August Seminar
From To
period 2021 2022 Date
Name Sunil Malviya Reg No. 236
Father’s
Pramod Malviya Email [email protected]
Name
Mobile No. 9893542373 Institute IIIT Bhagalpur
Date of
Department EC 05.08.2021
Admission
Title of Research Matamaterial Absorber
Supervisor Particulars
Name Dr. Prakash Ranjan Institute IIIT Bhagalpur
Designation Associate Dean (Alumni & Institutional Relations)
PhD Course Work
S.No Code Courses Sem Grade SGPA CGPA
Probability and Stochastic
MA-
1. Process I 3
503
7.0 7.0
CS- Artificial Intelligence
2. I 4
521
Computer vision and image
EC-
3. processing II 3
552
7.5 7.23
EC- Computational Intelligence
4. II 3
503
PhD Course details
(Artificial Intelligence)
In this subject I had learn followings things:
Artificial intelligence and its approach
Types of agents.
Task environment.
Search Algorithms and its types.
Constraint Satisfaction Problem.
Logical Agents.
First Order Logic
Introduction to planning
Sequential Decision Problem.
PhD Course details
(Probability and Stochastic Process)
In this subject I had learn followings things:
Probability
Bayes Theorem.
Binomial random variable.
Random Vector.
Covaience matrix
Markov and Chebychev Bounds
Random Process.
WSS Process.
Power Energy.
PSD of a random process.
PhD Course details
(Computer vision and image processing)
In this subject I had learn followings things:
Image processing and its types.
Pseudo and full color image processing.
Prewitt operator.
Sobel operator.
Discrete cosine transform.
Frequency domain technique in image enhancement.
Automatic thresholding operation.
Hough transform and its computation.
HIS color model.
PhD Course details
(Computational Intelligence)
In this subject I had learn followings things:
Computational Intelligence.
Approaches used for CI
Fuzzy logic
Neural Network.
Learning theory.
Probabilistic method.
Fuzzy logic control
Methods of defuzzication.
Genetic algorithm.
Hybrid intelligent system.
Research Topic
Matamaterial Absorber
Literature Survey
Journal
S.No Title of Paper Publication Key Point Work
1 A compact wideband Journal of Metamaterial Proposed a
metamaterial absorber for Ku Materials Science: absorber (MA), Ku single-layer
band applications Materials in band wideband MA
Electronics (2020) for Ku band
31:16898–16906 applications.
2 A novel ultrathin wideband Journal of Metamaterial Proposed a novel
metamaterial absorber for X- Electromagnetic absorber;ultrathin; ultrathin
band applications Waves and wideband;frequenc wideband MA
Applications y selective surface consists of two
ISSN: 0920-5071 diagonally
placed
split square
shape resonators.
Literature Survey
Journal
S.No Title of Paper Publication Key Point Work
3 A six-band ultra-thin Journal of Metamaterial Proposed binary
polarization-insensitive Electromagnetic absorber; WDO algorithm is
pixelated metamaterial Waves and polarization effectively
absorber using a novel Applications,32:18, insensitive; interfaced with
binary wind driven 2367-2385 multiband; finite element
optimization algorithm frequency solver (Ansys-
selective HFSS) to
surface; wind synthesize a six-
driven band MA
optimization
4 An Ultrathin Five-Band Progress In Metamaterial Proposed MA
Polarization Insensitive Electromagnetics absorber;Ultrath is fabricated, and
Metamaterial Research C, Vol. 87, in Five-Band scattering
Absorber Having 13–23, 2018 Polarization parameter is
Hexagonal Array of 2D- measured in an
Bravais-Lattice anechoic chamber
with the help of
vector
network analyzer
Literature Survey
Journal
S.No Title of Paper Publication Key Point Work
5 A set square design Journal of Metamaterial The proposed
metamaterial absorber for Electromagnetic absorber; MA fabricated
Xband Waves and FWHM; frequency structure is
applications Applications selective placed in an
surface; wideband anechoic
absorber chamber and
with the help of
VNA the
scattering
parameter is
measured.
6 Matamaterials and negative JSTOR:Aug. 6, Meta Performed
refrective index 2004, New Series, material,negative experiments at
Vol. 305, No. 5685, refrective microwave
Spirit at Gusev index,artificial frequencies and
Crater mechanism the same
(Aug. 6, 2004), pp. negative
788-792 refrecting
structred scale to
optical frequency
Literature Survey
Journal
S.No Title of Paper Publication Key Point Work
7 Metamaterial filters: A review Elsevier Metamaterials; Proposed
Metamaterials 2 Filter; Split-ring the possibilities
(2008) 186–197 resonator; that this kind of
Complementary metamaterial
split-ring resonator transmission
lines offer in
compact filter
design
8 Design of a two-dimensional JOURNAL OF Metamaterial Proposed cloak
metamaterial cloak with APPLIED cloak,Scattering,sca provides
minimum scattering PHYSICS 116, ttering cross significant
using a quadratic 124501 (2014) section. reduction in
transformation function scattering cross
section
Literature Survey
Journal
S.No Title of Paper Publication Key Point Work
9 The synthesis of a pixelated Journal of Metamaterial cross- Proposed MCPs
metamaterial cross‑polarizer Computational polarizer · Wind- are
using the binary wind‑driven Electronics (2022) driven optimization suitable for
optimization algorithm 21:453–470 · Polarization application in the
conversion · Ratio · X-band regime,
Electromagnetic which is useful
for radar and
satellite systems.
Literature Survey
Journal
S.No Title of Paper Publication Key Point Work
10 A Review of Metamaterials (IJETT) – Volume Metamaterials(MT A short review of
and its Applications 19 Number 6 – Jan M), Double the history of
2015 negative metamaterials,
metamaterials some of salient
(DNG), Negative features, various
Index types,
Metamaterials applications and
(NIMs), different
Left handed modeling
Metamaterials methods of
(LHM), Split Ring metamaterials
Resonators
(SRRs).
Mata material and its applications
Introduction
The word „Meta‟ is taken from Greek whose meaning is “beyond”. “Metamaterials” has
the exotic properties beyond the natural occurring materials.
Metamaterials are artificially invented materials that show the properties which are not
detected in naturally occurring materials.
Metamaterials exhibits negative permittivity and/ or negative permeability.
These are the materials that extract their properties from their structure rather than the
material of which they are composed of.
They are made from assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from composite materials
such as metals and plastics.
Metamaterials derive their properties not from the properties of the base materials, but
from their newly designed structures.
Their precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement gives them their smart
properties capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves: by blocking, absorbing,
enhancing, or bending waves, to achieve benefits that go beyond what is possible with
conventional materials.
Mata material and its applications
Classification of Matamaterial
Electromagnetic field is determined by the properties of the materials
involved. These properties define the macroscopic parameters permittivity ε
and permeability μ of materials. On the basis of permittivity ε and
permeability μ, the metamaterials are classified in following four groups as
shown in below:
Mata material and its applications
Classification of Matamaterial (Continue..)
• Double Positive (DPS) Material : The materials which have both permittivity
& permeability greater than zero (ε > 0, μ > 0) are called as double positive
(DPS) materials. Most occurring media (e.g. dielectrics) fall under this
designation.
Epsilon Negative (ENG) Material : If a material has permittivity less than
zero and permeability greater than zero (ε < 0, μ > 0) it is called as epsilon
negative (ENG) material. In certain frequency regimes, many plasmas exhibit
these characteristics.
Mu Negative(MNG)Material : If a material has permittivity greater than zero
& permeability less than zero (ε > 0, μ < 0) it is called as mu negative (MNG)
material. In certain frequency regimes, some gyro tropic material exhibits these
characteristics.
Double Negative (DNG) Material :If a material has permittivity &
permeability less than zero (ε < 0, μ < 0) it is termed as double negative (DNG)
material. This class of materials can only been produced artificially.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types
Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Electromagnetic metamaterials (EM) are
the materials which have a new sub section within electromagnetism and
physics. EM is used for optical and microwave applications like, band-pass
filters, lenses, microwave couplers, beam steerers, and antenna radomes. A
metamaterials affects lesser on electromagnetic waves as compared to
wavelength of electromagnetic radiation.
1) Single Negative Metamaterials: Single negative metamaterials (SNG) have
either negative permittivity or negative permeability. The combination of two
SNG layers into one creates another form of DNG metamaterials .To conduct
wave reflection experiments, the slab of MNG materials and ENG materials
have been joined. Like DNG metamaterials, SNGs change their parameters
like refraction index n, permittivity ε and permeability μ, with change in
frequency due to their dispersive nature.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types
Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Electromagnetic metamaterials (EM) are the
materials which have a new sub section within electromagnetism and physics. EM is
used for optical and microwave applications like, band-pass filters, lenses, microwave
couplers, beam steerers, and antenna radomes. A metamaterials affects lesser on
electromagnetic waves as compared to wavelength of electromagnetic radiation.
1) Single Negative Metamaterials: Single negative metamaterials (SNG) have either
negative permittivity or negative permeability. The combination of two SNG layers
into one creates another form of DNG metamaterials [2]. To conduct wave reflection
experiments, the slab of MNG materials and ENG materials have been joined. Like
DNG metamaterials, SNGs change their parameters like refraction index n,
permittivity ε and permeability μ, with change in frequency due to their dispersive
nature.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types
Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Electromagnetic metamaterials (EM) are
the materials which have a new sub section within electromagnetism and
physics. EM is used for optical and microwave applications like, band-pass
filters, lenses, microwave couplers, beam steerers, and antenna radomes. A
metamaterials affects lesser on electromagnetic waves as compared to
wavelength of electromagnetic radiation.
1) Single Negative Metamaterials: Single negative metamaterials (SNG)
have either negative permittivity or negative permeability. The combination
of two SNG layers into one creates another form of DNG metamaterials [2].
To conduct wave reflection experiments, the slab of MNG materials and
ENG materials have been joined. Like DNG metamaterials, SNGs change
their parameters like refraction index n, permittivity ε and permeability μ,
with change in frequency due to their dispersive nature.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types(Cont..)
2) Double Negative Metamaterials: Double negative metamaterials (DNG) are the
metamaterials that have both permittivity and permeability is negative with negative
index of refraction. These are also known as negative index metamaterials (NIM) Other
names for DNGs are left handed media, media with a negative refractive index, and
“backward-wave media [4].
3) Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Metamaterials: Electromagnetic band gap
metamaterials control the propagation of light. It is achieved either by photonic crystals
(PC), or left-handed materials (LHM). Both classes have artificial structure that control
and manipulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
4) Bi-isotropic and Bi-anisotropic Metamaterials: Based on the independent electric
and magnetic responses described by the parameters permittivity and magnetic
permeability, the metamaterials are categorized into single or double negative. However
in many examples of electromagnetic metamaterials, the electric field causes magnetic
polarization, and the magnetic field induces an electrical polarization, i.e., magneto
electric coupling. Such media denoted as bi-isotropic media because it exhibits
magneto-electric coupling that is anisotropic, and also called as bi-anisotropic.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types(Cont..)
B. Chiral Metamaterials :Chiral metamaterials consist of arrays of dielectric
gammadions or planar metallic on a substrate. When a linearly polarized light is
incident on the array, it becomes elliptically polarized upon interaction with the
gammadions with the same handedness as the gammadion itself.
C. Terahertz Metamaterials: Terahertz metamaterials are the combination of artificial
materials that interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies and still under development.
With negative values of permeability these metamaterials can achieve a desired
magnetic response is called passive materials. Because of this, "tuning" is achieved
by fabricating a new material with slightly altered dimensions to create a new
response. Terahertz waves lie just before the start of the microwave band to far end of
the infra-red band.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types(Cont..)
D. Photonic Metamaterials:Photonic metamaterials are the type of electromagnetic
metamaterials that designed to interact with optical frequencies is known as Optical
metamaterials. Photonic metamaterials radiates the source at optical wavelengths
Furthermore, the sub wavelength period differentiates the photonic metamaterials from
photonic band gap structure. This is because the optical properties do not arise from
photonic band gaps, rather from a sub wavelength interaction with the light spectrum.
The metamaterials with the capability of zero index of refraction (ZIMs) and negative
values for index of refraction (NIMs) is the active area of research in optical materials.
E. Tunable Metamaterials:These are the metamaterials that has the ability to randomly
change the frequency of a refractive index. An incident electromagnetic wave gives
variable response with these metamaterials. This includes how an incident
electromagnetic wave interacts with a metamaterials in remote controlling. The
structure of the tunable metamaterials is changeable in real time that makes it possible
to reconfigure a device during operation.Tuning in the near infrared range is achieved
by varying the permittivity of nematic liquid crystal. The metamaterials can be tuned
from negative index values, to zero index or positive index values. In addition, negative
index values can be increased or decreased.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types(Cont..)
F. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) based Metamaterials :FSS based
metamaterials are the substitute to the fixed frequency metamaterials with
static geometry and spacing in the unit cells used to find out the frequency
response of a given metamaterials. FSS based metamaterials have option to
change the frequencies in a single medium but in fixed frequency response it
is impossible. It was first developed to control the transmission and
reflection characteristics of an incident radiation wave. FSS with specific
geometrical shapes can be made-up as periodic arrays with elements of two
dimensional planar. FSS based metamaterials has the interchangeable
terminology of High Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic
Conductor (AMC). The HIS or AMC has an artificial metallic
electromagnetic structure. The designed structures with selection of
supporting surface wave currents are different from conservative metallic
conductors.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types(Cont..)
F. Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) based Metamaterials :FSS based
metamaterials are the substitute to the fixed frequency metamaterials with static
geometry and spacing in the unit cells used to find out the frequency response of a
given metamaterials. FSS based metamaterials have option to change the frequencies
in a single medium but in fixed frequency response it is impossible. It was first
developed to control the transmission and reflection characteristics of an incident
radiation wave. FSS with specific geometrical shapes can be made-up as periodic
arrays with elements of two dimensional planar. FSS based metamaterials has the
interchangeable terminology of High Impedance Surface (HIS) or Artificial Magnetic
Conductor (AMC). The HIS or AMC has an artificial metallic electromagnetic
structure. The designed structures with selection of supporting surface wave currents
are different from conservative metallic conductors.
Mata material and its applications
Matamaterial Types(Cont..)
G. Nonlinear Metamaterials :Nonlinear metamaterials are artificial
materials in which the nonlinearity exists. This is due to less macroscopic
electric field of the electromagnetic source than the microscopic electric field
of the inclusions .The material‟s permeability and permittivity describes the
response of electromagnetic radiation. It may also be fabricated with some
type of nonlinear metamaterials that have properties to change the power of
incident wave.
Mata material and its applications
METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
Metamaterials applications are found in various fields including public safety, sensor
detection, high frequency battle field communication, improving ultrasonic
sensors, solar power management, for high gain antennas and remote aerospace
applications .
A. WMD Detectors :Army and air Force researcher use metamaterials to detect the presence
of chemical explosives, biological agents, and contamination. The same structure and
science is used for cargo and screening passenger.
B. Invisible Subs :The metamaterials easily manipulate the wavelength of sound that is much
larger than light. To make the submarine invisible to enemy sonar, it bends sound around it
and this program is funding by Naval Research. Civilian spinoffs also use the metamaterial.
C. Revolutionary Electronics :Army engineers use the metamaterials as a switching device
for building fast and small photonic equipment because in future circuits makes with the
use of light rather than electricity. To trap light can be turned on and off a semiconductor
combines with the metamaterials in the device. These photonic chips are 10 times faster
than the current chips.
Mata material and its applications
METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
Metamaterials applications are found in various fields including public safety,
sensor detection, high frequency battle field communication, improving
ultrasonic sensors, solar power management, for high gain antennas and
remote aerospace applications
A. WMD Detectors :Army and air Force researcher use metamaterials to detect
the presence of chemical explosives, biological agents, and contamination.
The same structure and science is used for cargo and screening passenger.
B. Invisible Subs :The metamaterials easily manipulate the wavelength of
sound that is much larger than light. To make the submarine invisible to
enemy sonar, it bends sound around it and this program is funding by Naval
Research. Civilian spinoffs also use the metamaterial.
C. Revolutionary Electronics :Army engineers use the metamaterials as a
switching device for building fast and small photonic equipment because in
future circuits makes with the use of light rather than electricity. To trap light
can be turned on and off a semiconductor combines with the metamaterials in
the device. These photonic chips are 10 times faster than the current chips.
Mata material and its applications
METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
D. Light and sound filtering :To control light or sound signals that improve
ultrasound resolution and change a material's color, nano scale wrinkles of
metamaterials are used. These materials can be made with a multi-layer
deposition process and high-precision. By using a fraction of a wavelength
each of the layer‟s thickness can be control. The precise wrinkles spacing
scatters the selected frequencies which created by compressing the
materials .These are used in medical diagnostics, sound suppression and
nondestructive material testing.
E. Biosensor :Biosensors are very important tools in many areas, like
environmental monitoring, food safety and disease diagnostics in the
investigation of biological phenomena‟s.In past the fluorescence-based
methods were used to prove it but recently metamaterials been used by
researchers in bio sensing technologies because of its detection
Mata material and its applications
METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
F. Metamaterials Absorber :A metamaterial absorber efficiently absorbs
electromagnetic radiation. Metamaterials absorbers offer benefits over
conventional absorbers such as supplementary miniaturization, wider
adaptability, and increased effectiveness.To create a high ratio of electromagnetic
radiation absorption, it requires effective medium design, permittivity and
magnetic permeability.
G. Metamaterial Antennas :Metamaterials are used in antennas to increase
performance of miniaturized antenna systems .The metamaterials antennas are
use to increase the gain of an antenna because it has a unique band gap features
and periodic structures .In small conventional antennas the most of the
wavelength reflects the signal back to the source. But the metamaterials antenna
has structure that stores and re-radiates energy wh The use of artificial materials
and surfaces, properly engineered to expand some prescribed antenna features
impedance matching, gain bandwidth, efficiency, front-to-back ratio, etc .Some
of metamaterials antennas discussed in literature are below..
Mata material and its applications
METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS
1) Zero-Phase-Shift Line Based Antenna :A perimeter of two operating wavelengths
at ultra high frequency (UHF) bands for the near-field RFID applications use a
zero-phase-shift segmented loop antennas because it generate larger uniform
magnetic field [17-18]. A circularly polarized Omni-directional antenna design
shift line is used for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications [19].
2) Anisotropic High-Permittivity Loaded Antenna :To construct a multiple-input
multiple- output (MIMO) systems dipole antenna is used and is loaded with high
permittivity anisotropic metamaterials [20]. To reduce the thickness up to a great
extent in arrays of cellular base-station this design concept is used.
3) Mushroom Antenna :The antenna that designed with array of many mushroom
cells is called a mushroom type antenna and is used for the Wi-Fi applications.
4) Gap-Capacitor Loaded Antenna :This antenna is collection of a number of slotted
patches with anti phase and zero-order resonance (ZOR) that introduce a series
gap-capacitance at center of the patch and at its radiating edges. This type of
antennas is found in L-band radar system applications.
Mata material and its applications
METAMATERIALS ADVANTAGES
A. Directivity Enhancement :Metamaterials has inherent property that controls the
direction of electromagnetic radiation in order to collect the originating energy in a
small angular domain around the normal to the surface .A DNG material enhances the
directive properties of an antenna.
B. Bandwidth Enhancement :Metamaterials antenna increase achieved bandwidth as
compared to the conventional patch antenna .This is achieved by use of superstrate of
metamateial over conventional antenna or by loading of LHM.
C. Radiated Power Enhancement :A small antenna can increase the radiated power
through the application of DNG metamaterials .A small dipole antenna enclosed with
DNG metamaterials is use to increase the radiated power much more as compared to the
conventional antenna.
D. Beamwidth and side lobes :The metamaterials antennas decrease the beamwidth and
side lobe ratio and thus enhance the directivity and reduce the return loss of antenna.
Mata material and its applications
CONCLUSIONS
Metamaterials is the new field of research, without any doubt it becomes an
extremely exciting research area. The researchers from multiple disciplines
are being attracted towards metamaterials because of its unique
electromagnetic properties. In this paper, a short review of the history of
metamaterials, some of salient features, various types, applications and
different modeling methods of metamaterials have been discussed. The
metamaterials have resulted in surprising improvements in electromagnetic
response functions that can offer exciting possibilities of future design of
devices, components and salient properties of metamaterials.
