COURT PILLAR
COURTS
•is the government body officially assembled under the
authority of law at the appropriate time and place for the
administration of justice through which the state enforce
its sovereign rights and powers
JUDGE
• a public officer so named in his
written evidence of appointment
(commission) assigned to preside
over and to administer the law in
a court of justice.
Make sure that attorneys
(prosecutors or
defense) play by rules of the
games, so to
speak Who determines the guilt
or innocence of the
accused
FUNCTION OF THE COURT
1. To protect the rights of the accused
2. To determine by all legal means whether a person is
guilty of a crime
3. To protect the society criminal behavior
4. To prevent and reduce
5. Administrative role
VENUE
•Refers to the place, location or site where
the case is to be heard on its merits
JURISDICTION
•The authority of the court to hear and
try a particular offense and to impose the
punishment provided by the law
KINDS OF JURISDICTION
1. JURISDICTION OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER
2. JURISDICTION OVER THE OFFENSE
3. JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON OF THE
ACCUSED
4. JURISDICTION OVER TERRITORY
KINDS OF JURISDICTION
1. JURISDICTION OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER It
is the power to hear, determine and decide the
case based on its nature as determined by laws.
KINDS OF JURISDICTION
2. JURISDICTION OVER THE OFFENSE It is the
power to hear, determine and decide the
case based on its imposable penalty.
KINDS OF JURISDICTION
3.JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON OF THE
ACCUSED
It is the power to hear, determine and decide the case
when the person is brought to court either
by virtue of arrest or by his voluntary submission.
KINDS OF JURISDICTION
4. JURISDICTION OVER TERRITORY
It is the power to hear, determine and decide
the case when the act is committed or any of
its essential elements occurred within its
territory.
COURT IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. REGULAR COURTS
2. SPECIAL COURTS
3. COLLEGIATE COURTS
4. LOWER COURTS
REGULAR COURTS
1. Supreme Court
2. Court of Appeals
3. Regional Trial Courts (formerly known as court of
first instance)
4. Municipal Trial Courts (formerly known as inferior
courts)
5. Municipal Circuit Trial Court
6. Metropolitan Trial Courts
7. Municipal Trial Court in Cities
REGULAR COURTS
1.SUPREME COURT
-the highest Court in the Philippines.
court of final appeal that affirms, modifies, affirms or
reverse judgements of lower courts.
2.COURT OF APPEAL
-Vested with jurisdiction over appeals from the
decisions of the Regional Trial Courts and certain
quasi-judicial agencies, boards or commissions.
REGULAR COURTS
3.Regional Trial Courts (formerly known as court of first
instance)
-Jurisdiction over criminal cases where the imposable
penalty is more than six years of imprisonment
If the cases are not within the jurisdiction of any other
courts, the same are lodged with the RTC
REGULAR COURTS
4. Municipal Trial Courts (formerly known as inferior
courts)
-Jurisdiction over criminal cases where the imposable
penalty is six years of imprisonment or below
if it covers only one municipality
5.Municipal Circuit Trial Court
-if it covers two or more municipalities.
REGULAR COURTS
6. Metropolitan Trial Courts
-Municipal Trial Courts in the towns and cities in
the Metropolitan Manila area (NCR)
7.Municipal Trial Court Cities
The equivalent of the Municipal Trial Courts outside
Metropolitan Manila are referred to as Municipal Trial Courts
in Cities.
SPECIAL COURTS
1. Court of Tax Appeals -exclusive appellate jurisdiction over appeals
from the decisions of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue and the
Commissioner of Customs on certain specific issues.
2. Sandiganbayan -has exclusive jurisdiction over violations of the
Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act [Republic Act No. 30191, the
Unexplained Wealth Act [Republic Act No. 1379] and other crimes or
felonies committed by public officials and employees in relation to their
office, including those employees in government-owned or controlled
corporations
3. Shari'a District Courts-Equivalent to the Regional Trial Courts
in rank established in certain specified provinces in Mindanao where the
Muslim Code on Personal Laws is being enforced
4. Shari'a Circuit Courts-Equivalent to the Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts
COLLEGIATE COURTS
1.Supreme Court
2.Court Of Appeals
3.Sandiganbayan
4.Court Of Tax Appeals
LOWER COURTS
1.Court of Appeals
2.Sandiganbayan
3.Court of Tax Appeals
4.Regional Trial Courts
5.Metropolitan Trial Court
6. Municipal TrPial Court in Cities
7. Municipal Trial Courts
8. Municipal Circuit Trial Court
9. Shari'a District Courts
10. Shari'a Circuit Courts
WHERE SHALL CRIMINAL ACTIONS BE INSTITUTED?
Rule 110 of The Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure
Section 1. Institution of criminal actions. — Criminal
actions shall be instituted as follows:
(a) For offenses where a preliminary investigation is
required pursuant to section 1 of Rule 112, by filing the
complaint with the proper officer for the purpose of
conducting the requisite preliminary investigation.
WHERE SHALL CRIMINAL ACTIONS BE INSTITUTED?
Rule 110 of The Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure
Section 1. Institution of criminal actions. — Criminal actions shall
be instituted as follows:
(b) For all other offenses, by filing the complaint or information
directly with the Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts, or the complaint with the office of the prosecutor.
In Manila and other chartered cities, the complaint shall be filed with the office of the
prosecutor unless otherwise provided in their charters.
THANKYOU!!!
