University of Kufa / Faculty of
Nursing
Public Health
System
Supervisor
Dr. Fatima Wanas
Presentation by Msc Student Maha Rasool
Learning Objectives
:in this lecture , you should be able to
.Define and focus of public health system .1
Explain the 10 Essential Public Health Services -2
.identify Philosophy of Public Health -3
Enumerate the Three levels of prevention -4
2
The Public Health System
Public health systems are commonly defined as “all
public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to
the delivery of essential public health services within a
jurisdiction.” This concept ensures that all entities’
contributions to the health and well-being of the
community or state are recognized in assessing the
provision of public health services.
3
The public health system includes
• Public health agencies at state and local levels
• Healthcare providers
• Public safety agencies
• Human service and charity organizations
• Education and youth development organizations
• Recreation and arts-related organizations
• Economic and philanthropic organizations
• Environmental agencies and organizations
4
The 10 Essential Public Health
Services
The 10 Essential Public Health Services describe the
public health activities that all communities should
undertake and serve as the framework for the NPHPS
instruments. Public health systems should
1. Monitor health status to identify and solve community
health problems.
2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health
hazards in the community.
3. Inform, educate, and empower people about health
issues.
4. Mobilize community partnerships and action to
identify and solve health problems.
5
Continue
5. Develop policies and plans that support individual and
community health efforts.
6. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure
safety.
7. Link people to needed personal health services and assure
the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable.
8. Assure competent public and personal health care
workforce.
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of
personal and population-based health services.
10. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to
health problems.
6
The 10 Essential Public Health Services
7
Philosophy of Public Health
Public health is concerned with promoting and protecting
the health of populations. Public health action occurs at the
international, national, state and local level.
8
Public health has two primary aims, prevention and
health promotion. Prevention is action taken to
prevent the occurrence of an event or to minimize its
effects after it has occurred. Three levels of prevention
are described as
• prevention – aimed at reducing risk, such as
immunization
• secondary prevention- aimed at detecting and treating
disease at early stages, such as screenings
(mammograms)
• tertiary prevention – treatment aimed at modifying risk
factors of disease, such as cardiac rehabilitation
9
Health promotion refers to strategies that
seeks to eliminate or reduce exposures to
risk factors of disease by modifying human
behaviors.
•Incidence –Number of new cases that develop of a
particular disease/injury
•Prevalence –Proportion of people who have the disease
at a specific point in time
•Morbidity –The relative incidence of a particular disease
•Mortality –The number of deaths that occur at a specific
time, in a specific group, or from a specific cause
10
•Birth rate –Number of live births per one thousand
women
•Fertility rate –Number of live births per one thousand
women between fifteen and forty-four years of age,
generally considered a woman’s prime childbearing years
•Infant Mortality –Number of live born infants who die
before their first birthday per one thousand live births
•Life expectancy –Number of additional years of life
expected at a specific point in time, such as at birth or at
age 45
•Epidemiology –Study of distribution and causes of
health-related states or events in populations
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–Application of the study to control health
•Epidemiology –Study of distribution and causes of health-
related states or events in populations
•Surveillance –Systematic collection, analysis, interpretation,
and dissemination of health data on an ongoing basis
•Epidemic –Occurrence of more cases of disease than
expected in a given area or among a specific group of people
over a particular period of time
•Pandemic –Epidemic occurring in a wide geographical area
and usually affecting large part of population
•Endemic –Constant presence of a disease or infection within
a geographic area or population group.
12
References
Nationally Notifiable Infectious Conditions – United States 2010.
(2010). Retrieved December 6, 2011, from Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention – Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology,
and Laboratory Services
website: [Link]
[Link].
•Leading Causes of Death. (2007). Retrieved December 6, 2011, from
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
website: [Link]
•Historical Highlights. (2010). Retrieved December 6, 2011, from US
Department of Health & Human Services
website: [Link]
•Our History – Our Story. (2011). Retrieved December 6, 2011, from
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
website: [Link]
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Thank you for your attention
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