FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Harmonics Mitigation in
Industrial Distribution System
using Unified Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC)
Name: Nur Hafiz Syazani bin Kamarudin
Program/Matric Number: 4SKEE/B16KE0044
Supervisor: DR. Ahmad Safawi bin Mokhtar
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION
1. Power quality in power system is important.
2. There are several types of power quality problems:
a. Voltage sag
b. Voltage swell
c. HARMONICS
3. This project will focus on HARMONICS.
4. Focus on how to generate the harmonics.
5. Also on how to mitigate the generated harmonics.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

PROBLEM STATEMENT
1. Implementation of non-linear devices in the system will
cause harmonics.
2. The example of non-linear device is uninterruptible power
supply (UPS) which is consists of rectifier.
3. This harmonic affects all the loads in the industrial
distribution distribution system.
4. Hence will cause harmful to the equipment or loads.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

OBJECTIVES

1. To investigate the sources of harmonic and its negative

effects.
2. To generate the harmonics using unbalanced and non-linear
load model.
3. To mitigate the generated harmonics using UPQC.
4. To model and simulate the system with UPQC in Simulink.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

SCOPE OF WORK

1. Focused on harmonics in industrial distribution instead of

other power quality problems.
2. Using unbalanced (RL loads) and non-linear loads (rectifier)
to produce harmonics to the system.
3. Using UPQC controlled by Phase-locked Loop (PLL) controller
to mitigate the harmonics.
4. Simulate both process, produce and mitigate the harmonics
in Simulink.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Research and analyze journals.
2. Find a model to generate harmonics.
3. Find a device or technique to mitigate the generated
harmonics.
4. Analyze the harmonics using Simulink MATLAB.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

LITERATURE REVIEWS [4]

No. Title Author (Year) Work Done Research Gap
1. Harmonic Analysis Raneru Nageswara 1. Disccused on 1. Generating
of Small Scale Rao (2013) Power Quality harmonics
Industrial Loads Problems. using non-
and Harmonic 2. Sources of linear loads.
Mitigation harmonics. 2. UPQC
Techniques in 3. Effects of mitigation
Industrial harmonics in technique.
Distribution power
System. distributions
system.
2. Harmonics & Its Kuldeep Kumar 1. Sources and 1. UPQC
Mitigation Srivastava, Saquib effects of mitigation
Technique by Shakil, Anand harmonics. technique.
Passive Shunt Vardhan Pandey 2. Generating
Filter. (2013) harmonics using
non-linear loads.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

CONTINUED
No. Title Author (Year) Work Done Research Gap
3. An Overview of Imtiaz Ahmed, 1. Sources of 1. Effects of
Harmonic Sources in Mir Zayed harmonics in harmonics.
Power System. Shames, industrial 2. Generating
Md. Muksudul distribution harmonics
Alam, system. using non-
(2013). linear loads.
3. UPQC
mitigation
technique.
4. Design and Simulation C. Prakash, N. 1. Generating 1. Sources of
of Phase-locked Loop Abner Leo harmonics using harmonics.
Controller Based (2016) non-linear loads. 2. Effects of
Unified Power Quality 2. UPQC with PLL harmonics in
Conditioner Using mitigation power system
Non-linear Loads. technique. distribution.
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

THEORY
What is Harmonics?
1. Unwanted parameter.
2. Frequency is multiple of the fundamental frequency.
3. Distortion of the normal sine wave.
4. Increase proportionally with the uses of the non-linear
device.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

THEORY (CONTINUED)

Sources and effects of harmonics:

1. Harmonics exist from non-linear load which is has a
non-linear voltage-current operating relationship.
2. There are various non-linear devices such as
transformer, rotating machines, arcing devices, and
uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
3. Harmonics can effect power quality that will cause so
many harmful to the system or loads.
4. All these devices will experience efficiency losses,
overheating and derating.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

THEORY (CONTINUED)

Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC)

1. Using hybrid active power filter which is series APF and shunt
APF.
2. Also consists of dc link capacitors, series & shunt transformer,
low & high pass filter, and controllers.
3. Several types controller can be used such are hysteresis
controller, fuzzy controller, and Phase-locked Loop (PLL)
controller.
4. This project used PLL controller.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

THEORY (CONTINUED)

Series
Transformer

Shunt
Transformer
DC link
capacitor
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

METHODOLOGY
Generation of harmonics:
1. In designing a model for harmonic generations, the
easier way to generate harmonics is by using
unbalanced loads (RL) and rectifier as the non-linear
loads.
2. Rectifier represent the UPS in industrial distribution
system.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)

• Configuration of unbalanced and non-linear loads.

 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)

• Design parameters of the unbalanced and non-linear loads.

 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)

• The system without UPQC

 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)

Harmonic mitigation:
1. Using UPQC with Phase-locked Loop (PLL) as the
controller.
2. Place the UPQC between the power supply and the
loads.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

METHODOLOGY (CONTINUED)

• The system with UPQC

 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
RESULTS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Current Waveform
Without UPQC With UPQC

1. There is distortion and different in magnitude between the current

before the UPQC implementation.
2. By implementing the UPQC, the distortion has been removed and
the magnitude is restored.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
RESULTS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

(CONTINUED)

Current THD
Without UPQC (21.79%) With UPQC (0.25%)

1. The percentage of THD of the current is 21.79% before the UPQC

implementation.
2. By implementing the UPQC, the THD decreased to 0.25%.
3. Proving that the harmonics has been eliminated from the current.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
RESULTS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

(CONTINUED)

Voltage Waveform
Without UPQC With UPQC

1. There is distortion on the waveform before the UPQC

implementation.
2. By implementing the UPQC, the distortion has been removed.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
RESULTS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

(CONTINUED)

Voltage THD
Without UPQC (8.77%) With UPQC (0.16%)

1. The percentage of THD of the current is 8.77% before the UPQC

implementation.
2. By implementing the UPQC, the THD decreased to 0.16%.
3. Proving that the harmonics has been eliminated from the voltage.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

RESULTS (CONTINUED)

Without UPQC With UPQC

Current THD % 21.79% 0.25%
Voltage THD % 8.77% 0.16%
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

CONCLUSION
1. The results has proved that the generated harmonics in the
industrial distribution system has been mitigated by using
UPQC.
2. The objectives of this projects are achieved.
3. Future work/recommendation:
a) Used different type of load in order to analyze the performances of
the UPQC.
b) Generates other power quality problems such as voltage sag and
voltage swell in order to prove that UPQC can mitigate all type of
power quality problems.
 FYP SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

REFERENCES
1. R. N. Rao, “Harmonic Analysis of Small Scale Industrial Loads and Harmonic Mitigation
Techniques in Industrial Distribution System”, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Osmania University, Hyderabad, vol. 3, Issue 4, pp. 1511-1540, Jul-Aug 2013.
2. K. K. Srivastava, S. Shakil, A. V. Pandey, “Harmonics & Its Mitigation Technique by
Passive Shunt Filter”, M. Tech Scholar, POWER SYSTEM, Suresh Gyan Vihar University,
Jaipur, India, vol. 3, Issue 2, May 2013.
3. I. Ahmed, M. Z. Shames, M. M. Alam, “An Overview of Harmonic Sources in Power
System”, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ahsanullah University of
Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 01-03, Sep-Oct 2013.
4. C. Prakash, N. A. Leo, “Design and Simulation of Phase-locked Loop Controller Based
Unified Power Quality Conditioner Using Non-linear Loads”, Power System Engineering
from SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, India, vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 2394-3661,
February 2016.
5. J. Paul, R. D. Prakash, J. Raglend, “Design and Simulation of Phase-locked Loop
Controller Based Three-Phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Non-linear and
Voltage Sensitive Loads”, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Noorul
Islam University, Tamilnadu, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 0976-4259, 2010.