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Understanding Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Osmosis is the process where solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a lower concentrated solution into a higher concentrated one. The rate of osmosis is affected by pressure, temperature, surface area, water potential, and concentration gradient. Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure needed to prevent osmosis, and is directly proportional to solute concentration and temperature. There are three types of solutions - isotonic having equal concentrations inside and outside cells, hypertonic having higher outside concentration, and hypotonic having higher inside concentration.

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Maria Fatima Sagaoinit
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131 views15 pages

Understanding Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Osmosis is the process where solvent molecules pass through a semipermeable membrane from a lower concentrated solution into a higher concentrated one. The rate of osmosis is affected by pressure, temperature, surface area, water potential, and concentration gradient. Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure needed to prevent osmosis, and is directly proportional to solute concentration and temperature. There are three types of solutions - isotonic having equal concentrations inside and outside cells, hypertonic having higher outside concentration, and hypotonic having higher inside concentration.

Uploaded by

Maria Fatima Sagaoinit
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OSMOSIS AND

OSMOTIC PRESSURE
OSMOSIS

A process in which molecules of a solvent tend to pass


through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated
solution to a more concentrated one, thus equalizing
concentrations on both sides of the membrane.
WHAT IS A HIGH AND LOW CONCENTRATION?

Concentration mean amount of substance (solute) in a


solvent or solution. Solution which contain more
solute is highly concentrated solution while less
solute, low concentration.
SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE

A semipermeable membrane is a type of barrier


that only allows certain materials to pass through
under specific conditions. It is the one that allows
only certain materials to pass through.
THE FACTORS
AFFECTING THE
RATE OF OSMOSIS
INCLUDE:
The more the pressure, the faster
Pressure the molecules will move for they
are being pushed faster across a
low concentration.

The higher the temperature, the


Temperature faster the water molecules move
across the semipermeable
membrane.
The larger the surface area, the more

Surface Area space for the molecules to move easily


across; the smaller the area, the more
restricted the movements of the
molecules and the slower the
movement.

the rate of osmosis is directly


Water Potential proportional to the water potential. If
a solution has high water potential
(low solute concentration) then
osmosis will take place.
Concentration the lower the concentration of the
solute within a solvent, the faster
Gradient osmosis will occur in that solvent.
OSMOTIC PRESSURE

● Osmotic Pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be


applied to a solution to prevent interior flow of water across a
semipermeable membrane .
● The pressure required to stop osmosis.
π - osmotic pressure
Formula: i - van't Hoff index
M - molar concentration of solute
π - iMRT R - ideal gas constant
T - temperature in kelvin
THERE ARE THREE
DIFFERENT TYPES
OF SOLUTIONS:
An isotonic solution is one that
Isotonic has the same concentration of
Solution solutes both inside and outside
the cell.

A hypertonic solution is one that


Hypertonic has a higher solute concentration
outside the cell than inside.
Solution
A hypotonic solution is one
Hypotonic Solution that has a higher solute
concentration inside the cell
than outside.
Example:

A solution is made by dissolving 13.0 g of sucrose,


C11H22O11 in 117 g of water , producing a solution with a
volume of 125 mL at 20°C what is the expecting osmotic
pressure at 20°C?
Thank you for listening!

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