Presented by Harkavenko Inna

War

 Only Britain was at war continually with France
during this time
 The four Great Powers (Britain, Austria, Prussia, and
Russia) did not fight France simultaneously until
1813
 Nations were willing to ally with Napoleon for their
own foreign policy benefit
 After Napoleon conquered Italy, European countries
decided they need to defeat him in order for a
peaceful Europe
 War of the Second
Coalition

 1798-1801
 Napoleon had his navy destroyed by England’s Lord
Horatio Nelson in the Battle of the Nile
 Napoleon and the French army isolated in North
Africa
 Napoleon was victorious in the war, nevertheless,
but never conquered England
 Treaty of Luneville

 1801
 Ended the Second Coalition
 Resulted in Austria’s loss of its Italian possessions
 German territory on the west bank of the Rhine
incorporated into France
 Russia retreated from western Europe when they
saw their ambitions in the Mediterranean blocked by
Britain

 Peace Interim

 1802
 Treaty of Amiens with Britain in 1802
 Hoped to increase trade with the Continent
 France remained in control of Holland, Austrian
Netherlands, and most of Italian peninsula
 Napoleon reorganized the Confederation of
Switzerland
 Sent large army to Haiti to subdue a slave rebellion
 Sold Louisiana to US
 Empire Period

 1804-1814
 Dec 2, 1804, Napoleon crowned himself hereditary
Emperor of France in Notre-Dame Cathedral
 Hoped to stop plans of royalists to return the
Bourbons to the throne
 Napoleon viewed himself as a liberator who freed
foreign peoples from their absolute rulers who
oppressed them


 Grand Empire

 Beginning in 1805,
Napoleon engaged in
constant warfare
 Achieved the largest
empire since the Roman
times

 Satellite Kingdoms

 Dependant satellite kingdoms (where Napoleon put his
appointees to throne)
 Spain
 Brother, Joseph Bonaparte
 Westphalia
 Youngest brother, Jerome Bonaparte
 Holland
 Brother, Louis Bonaparte
 Italy
 Sister, Caroline, Queen of Naples
 Step son rules Lombardy, Venice, and Papal States
 Independent

 Independent
but allied
states
included
 Austria
 Prussia
 Russia
 War of the Third
Coalition

 1805-1807
 In 1803, Napoleon began preparations to invade
Great Britain
 In 1805, Austria signed an alliance with Britain
 Coalition was complete with addition of Russia and
Sweden
 Napoleon’s conquest of Italy convinced Russia and
Austria that Napoleon was threat to balance of
power


 Battle of Trafalgar

 October 21, 1805
 French and Spanish fleets were destroyed by the
British Navy under the Command of Lord Horatio
Nelson, off the Spanish Coast
 Established supremacy of British navy for over a
century
 French invasion of Britain no longer feasible

 Battle of Austerlitz

 December 1805
 Alexander I pulled Russian troops out of battle,
giving Napoleon another victory
 Austria accepted large territorial losses in return for
peace
 Third Coalition collapsed
 Napoleon now master of western and central Europe

 Arc de Triumphe

 In commemoration of his victory, Napoleon
commissioned in 1806
 Using classical style, the Arc hearkened back to the
Roman Empire who built arches to signify victories
 Napoleon was clearly emphasizing the conquest of
an empire
 Treaty of Tilsit

 June 1807
 Provisions
 Prussia lost half its population in lands to France
 Russia accepted Napoleon’s reorganization of western
and eastern Europe
 Height of Napoleon’s success
