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CALORIMETRY

Calorimetry is used to measure the heat released or absorbed during chemical reactions and changes in physical state. It allows determination of whether reactions are exothermic or endothermic. The heat transferred (q) is directly proportional to the change in temperature (Δt) of the system according to the equation q = mcΔt, where m is the mass and c is the heat capacity. Heat capacity is determined experimentally using calorimetry and depends on the specific heat and mass of the substance. Common applications include measuring heats of solution, reaction, and neutralization.

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91 views6 pages

CALORIMETRY

Calorimetry is used to measure the heat released or absorbed during chemical reactions and changes in physical state. It allows determination of whether reactions are exothermic or endothermic. The heat transferred (q) is directly proportional to the change in temperature (Δt) of the system according to the equation q = mcΔt, where m is the mass and c is the heat capacity. Heat capacity is determined experimentally using calorimetry and depends on the specific heat and mass of the substance. Common applications include measuring heats of solution, reaction, and neutralization.

Uploaded by

Rosally Bulauan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CALORIMETRY

• CALORIMETRY: is the process of measuring the amount of heat released


or absorbed during a chemical reaction. By knowing the change in heat, it
can be determined whether or not a reaction is exothermic (releases heat) or
endothermic (absorbs heat).

• Calorimetry also plays a large part of everyday life, controlling the


metabolic rates in humans and consequerntly maintaining such functions like
body temperature.
• The flow of energy (as heat) between the system and its surroundings is
measured though calorimetry. The amount of heat absorded or released by
the system is a function of its change in temperature.
q= C t
t=t
From the equation, heat and temperature change are related by a proportionally constant
referred to as heat capacity (C),which is the amount of energy needed to increase the
temperature of a substance or material by 1 C. This constant is expressed in the units J/ C. The
heat capacity of a substance can only be determined experimentally through calorimetry. For a
pure substance, the heat capacity is equal to the product of its mass(m) and specific heat(c).

C=mc
Therefore,
q= mc t

• In calorimetry, the system of interest can be a substance (for which heat of solution or heat
of dissociation is measured) or a chemical reaction (for which heat of reaction or heat of
neutralization is measured).
• Heat exchange can be mathematically expressed as:
qsys = -
The specific heat of a substance is the amount of energy needed to increase the amount of energy
needed to increase the temperature of one gram of the substance by 1 C. Its unit is J/ C. The
specific heat of a substance is constant.

Specific Heat:

Substances Specific Heat


H2O(s), ice 2.11
H2O(l) 4.18
H2O(g) 2.08
CO2(g) 0.843
Cu(s) 0.385
Al(s) 0.897
Fe(s) 0.450
C2H5OH(l) 2.43
A calorimeter assembly. The sample of unkwons capacity is placed in a snall container, called bomb,
submerged in the water. The initial temperature of the water is measured. An electric current is passed
through the wires to heat and ignite the sample/substances.

• In some cases, the carolimter is an excellent insulator and absorbs only a negligible amount of
heat. Thus, the system is assumed to exchange heat only with the water in the calorimeter, and the
expression is simplified to
q

A typical calorimeter is used the coffee cup calorimeter usually made of polystyrene cup that is a
good insulator. A thermometer is inserted in the cork over to monitor changes in temperature.
• Example:
13.5g sample of gold is heated, then placed in a calorimeter containing 60.0g of water. Temperature of water
increase from 19.0 degree Celsius. The specific heat of gold is 0.130 J/g degree Celsius. What was the initial
temperature of the gold metal sample?
(Specific heat water = 184 J/g.C

Gold Water
m= 13.5g m= 60g
c= 0.130J/g degree Celsius c= 4. 184 J/g degree Celsius
deltaT= ? deltaT= 20 degree Celsius= 1 degree Celsius
Q=-Q
mc T=mc T T= Tf- Ti
(13.5)(0.130)( )= -(60)(4.184)(1) -143= 20- Ti
(13.5)(0.150) (13.5)(0. 130) - 20 -20
T=-143 degree Celsius +163= +Ti
Ti= 163 degree Celsius

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