ARUSHATECHNICALCOLLEGE
CIVIL & TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENTS
CEMENT CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
1 January 10, 2023
CEMENT CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
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Concrete mix design is the process of finding the
proportions in which the concrete materials
(cement, water, fine aggregates and course
aggregates) should be combined in order to
provide the required strength, workability, durability
and other specified properties
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Factors affecting the choice of mix proportions
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The various factors which affect mix design are:
Compressive strength
Workability
Durability
Maximum nominal size of aggregate
Grading and type of aggregates
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Requirements of concrete mix design
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The requirements which forms the basis of selection and
proportioning of mix ingredients are;
Minimum compressive strength
Adequate workability for full compaction
Maximum water cement ratio to give adequate durability
for particular conditions
Maximum cement to avoid shrinkage
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Methods of Concrete Mix Design
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Several methods are employed when performing concrete
mix design
• A.C.I.(Absolute Volume) Method.
• British Method (DOE)
• I.S. Method
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ACI Method
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The concrete proportions must be selected to
provide workability, consistency, density,
strength, and durability, for the particular
application
The absolute volume method is used. In order
to use this method, certain physical
properties of the materials need to be
determined in the laboratory before
designing the mix.
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ACI Method cont…
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These are as follows:
Apparent specific gravity of Portland cement
Bulk specific gravities and percent of moisture present in the
saturated surface dry (SSD) condition for both the coarse and
fine aggregates
Rodded unit weight of the course aggregate
Fineness modulus of fine aggregate
Free moisture present in both the coarse and the fine
aggregates
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ACI Method cont…
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Design Data
The following specifications are required
Strength of the concrete
Maximum water cement ratio
Minimum cement content
Air content
Slump (workability)
Maximum size of aggregate
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Procedure ACI Mix Design
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Step 1. Strength of the concrete
The characteristic strength of the concrete is the give strength differ from
the design compressive strength.
Target mean strength of concrete. Is the strength targeted from the mix
design trials.
Ft = fc + k
where,
Ft = target mean compressive strength at 28 days,
Fc = Characteristic compressive strength of concrete at 28 days,
k = as per is ACI
7Mpa for Fc<=21Mpa
8.5 Mpa for Fc=21-35Mpa
for Fc>35Mpa Ft = 1.1fc + 5Mpa
Otherwise use table 7
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Procedure ACI Mix Design
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Step 2:Slump.
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 3: Maximum aggregate size
The nominal maximum size of aggregates are 10, 20, 25,
30, 40
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 4: Mixing water and air content
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 5: Water cement ratio
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 5: Water cement ratio cont…
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont...
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Step 6: Estimation of cement content
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 7: Coarse aggregate
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 8: Fine aggregate
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 9: Adjustment for moisture in the aggregate
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Procedure ACI Mix Design cont..
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Step 10: Summary of mix design
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Concrete mix design example using ACI method
Mix Component Properties:
Concrete characteristic strength of concrete 25N/mm2
Cement ;Type: 43, Specific Gravity: 3.150
Coarse Aggregate: Nominal Maximum Particle Size:
10 mm, SSD Bulk Specific Gravity: 2.660, %
Absorption Capacity: 3.50%, Dry-Rodded Density:
1.530 Mg/m3
Fine Aggregate; SSD Bulk Specific Gravity: 2.700, %
Absorption Capacity: 1.50%, Fineness Modulus: 2.700
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Desired mix properties
A non-air-entrained concrete with a slump in the 80
to 100 mm range and a water/cement ratio of 0.5 is
required.
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2. Mass of mixing water in 1m3 ( table 11)
{consider non-air-entrained, Nominal Maximum size =
10mm and slump between 80 & 100 mm}
= 228kg (0.228m3)
3.Volume of air in 1 m3 of mix is 3.0% of 1 m3 or
0.030 m3 (Table 11 for non-air-entrained, Nominal
Maximum size = 10mm)
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4. Cement content
w/c = 0.5, the c = 228/0.5 = 456kg
Volume of cement = 456/3150 = 0.145m3
5. Coarse aggregate content
Volume of dry rodded aggregate = 0.47m3 (table 5 for
nominal max size 10, fineness modulus 2.7)
SSD mass of coarse aggregate = 0.47 m3 x 1530 kg/m3 = 719
kg
SSD volume of coarse aggregate 719kg/2660 kg/m3 = 0.270
m3
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6. Fine aggregates content
Sum of known volumes = (0.228 + 0.030 + 0.145 +
0.270) m3 = 0.673 m3
SSD volume of fine aggregate = 1 – 0.673 m 3 =
0.327 m3
SSD mass of fine aggregate = 0.327 m3 x 2700
kg/m3 = 883 kg
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7. Density of fresh concrete
Total mass of 1 m3 of mix = (228 + 456 + 719 +
883) kg = 2286 kg/m3
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Adjustments for aggregates moisture
Aggregate weights. Aggregate volumes are
calculated based on oven dry unit weights, but
aggregate is typically batched based on actual
weight. Therefore, any moisture in the aggregate will
increase its weight and stockpiled aggregates almost
always contain some moisture. Without correcting for
this, the batched aggregate volumes will be incorrect
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Amount of mixing water.
If the batched aggregate is anything but saturated
surface dry it will absorb water (if oven dry or air dry)
or give up water (if wet) to the cement paste. This
causes a net change in the amount of water available
in the mix and must be compensated for by adjusting
the amount of mixing water added.
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Summary of ingredient
Coarse aggregate = 694 kg /2660 = 0.261m3
Fine aggregate = 870kg/2700 = 0.322m3
Water = 266/1000 = =.266m3
Total = 1m3
Mix ratio: 0.145: 0.322: 0.261
1:1.9:1.54
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BRITISH METHOD (DOE)
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This method,the proportional of ingredient is carried out by
mass. In order to use this method, certain physical properties
of the materials need to be determined in the laboratory
before designing the mix for strength and durability. The
laboratory tests are -:
Saturated surface dry Specific gravity of course (SSD)
Sieve analysis of course aggregate for determining the
maximum size of aggregates and percentage passing
on 600µm
Water absorption
Compressive strength
Shape tests (flakiness and Elongation index)
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British Method (DOE)
Procedure of DOE mix design
DOE mix design generally involves the following stages:
Determine the target strength
Determine the water/cement ratio according to the target
strength, types of cement and aggregate
Determine water content, W, from required workability, size
and type of aggregate
Determine cement content, C, from water cement ratio and
water content.
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Procedure of DOE mix design cont…
Estimate the density of wet fresh concrete, D, based
on relative density of combined aggregate and water
content.
Determine the total aggregate content from D, C and
W
Determine the proportion of fine aggregate according
to the fineness of fine aggregate, maximum
aggregate size, slump and W/C
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Concrete mix design(DOE) cont…
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Data required for mix design
Characteristic strength of concrete (Fcu/grade of concrete)
Slump required for required structure (mm)
Type of exposure
Degree of site control which are 10%,5%,2.5% or 1%
Choose constant K for degree of control
K=1.28 for 10% degree of control
K=1.64 for 5% degree of control
K=1.96 for 2.5% degree of control
K=2.33 for 1% degree of control
Grade of Cement
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(Doe) Mix design procedure
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1.0 Determine the target means strength
Fm=Fc +Ks
Fm target mean strength
Fc characteristic strength or concrete strength
K is the constant
S standard deviatiation
S =3.5 for C10 or C15 ,S= 4.0 for C20 or C25 and S=5.0
for C30,C35,C40,C45
If no previous or trial S=8 (fg3)
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(Doe) Mix design procedure cont…
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(Doe) Mix design procedure cont…
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2.0 Choose W/C ratio for required durability
(fig 4)
If maximum w/c ratio is not provided start with 0.5
and minimum w/c ratio obtained fr0m fm.
3.0 Determine water required for workability
(slump table 3)
The water required depends on size of aggregates and
source of production(crushed or uncrushed)
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(Doe) Mix design procedure cont…
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4. Determine the cement contents for
minimum w/c and maximum w/c
Minimum cement use min W/C and Maximum cement
use min W/C then the greater value should be taken
as cement contents.
5.0 determine the concrete density(fig 5)
By using the value of saturated surface dry specific
gravity of aggregate(SSD) and free water contents
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(Doe) Mix design procedure cont…
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6. Determine the total aggregate contents
Aggregates (fine and course)
=concrete density-Mass of water-mass of cement.
7.0 determine the percentage of fine
aggregates (fig 6)
This is obtained by using the % of fine aggregates
passing 600µm,maximum size of aggregates and
slump chosen for workability and the % of course
aggregates can be obtained
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(Doe) Mix design procedure cont…
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8. Determine the mass (kg) for each ingredient.
Cement
water
fine aggregates
course aggregates
Table and figure for Bs (doe) mix design.pdf
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Example 2
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Design the cement concrete of C30 for the following
data, exposure condition moderate, slump required
30-40, degree of site control 5%, grade of cement
42.5 SSD of course aggregate 2.6 and passing on
0.6mm is 65% and maximum size of aggregate is
20mm.
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