Sikolohiyang Pilipino or
Indigenous Filipino
Psychology
draws from folk practices as much as from
modern theory.
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BASIC TENETS
Core values or kapwa (shared inner
self”). Kapwa is the core construct of
Filipino psychology. Kapwa has two
categories: Ibang tao and Hindi Ibang
Tao. Ibang tao (“outsider”).
IBANG TAO (“OUTSIDER”):
1. PAKIKITUNGO (civility) - right behaviour
meant the right deportment toward authorities.
2. PAKIKISALAMUHA (an act of mixing) -
social value that is primarily dwelling under
common
condition. It is synonymous with the ability to
adapt.
3. PAKIKILAHOK (an act of joining) -
participation of the entire community to help a
person or
someone.
4. PAKIKIBAGAY (conformity) - The act of
socializing to conform or be accepted in a
group.
5. PAKIKISAMA (being united with the group)
HINDI IBANG TAO: (“ONE OF
US”) There are three in function
levels under this category:
[Link]-
LOOB: an act of mutual trust; you
gain trust from a camaraderie or
fellow human being.
2. PAKIKISANGKOT: act of joining
others; people join/share
responsibilities in a particular group.
3. PAKIKIPAGKAPWA: being one
with others; social interaction with
PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE
PAKIRAMDAM - shared inner
perceptions. Filipinos use their inner
perception of other’s emotions, moods,
or feelings as a guide in their dealings
with other people.
ACCOMODATIVE SURFACE VALUES
[Link] - translated as “shyness” by most
Western Psychologists. It is a “sense of
propriety” or quality of being properly
following recognized custom.
2. UTANG NA LOOB (norm of reciprocity) -
Filipinos are expected by others to return
favors— whether these were asked for or
not_ when it is needed or wanted.
3. PAKIKISAMA AND PAKIKIPAGKAPWA -
smooth interpersonal relationships. This
attitude is primarily guided by conformity
with the majority; conformity to the group
CONFRONTATIVE SURFACE VALUES
1. BAHALA NA - translates literally as “leave it
up to God” (Bathala”). It is used as an
expression, almost universally in Filipino
culture. Filipinos engage in this
attitude as a culture-influenced adaptive coping
strategy when faced
with challenging situations.
2. LAKAS NG LOOB - characterized by being
courageous in the midst of problems and
uncertainties; bravery.
3. PAKIKIBAKA - it means concurrent clashes. It
refers to the ability of the Filipino to
undertake revolutions and uprisings, fights
against a common enemy.
SOCIETAL VALUES
1. KARANGALAN - translated as dignity, this refers to what other
people see in a person
and how they use that information to make or judge about one’s
worth.
2. PURI - the external aspect of dignity; refers to how other people
judge a person of
his/her worth. It is based on conformity to social norms, regardless
of how obsolete they are.
3. DANGAL - The internal aspect of dignity; refers to how a person
judges his worth.
4. KATARUNGAN - translated to justice; refers to equity in giving
rewards to a person; fair
judgments.
5. KALAYAAN - Freedom and Mobility; this may clash with the less
important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity)
Some of the approaches and
methods used in Filipino
psychology
PAKIKIPAGKUWENTUHAN
-the researcher engages in a storytelling with an
umpukan. The researcher merely serves as the
facilitator, while the kalahok or participants are the ones
who are to talk to them,kwento from the Spanish word
“cuento” literally means “ to tell a story.”
PANUNULUYAN
- method in which the researcher stays in the home
of his kalahok or participant while he researches
with consent by the host family, whose head serves
as the tulay to an umpukan.
PAGDADALAW-DALAW
- the researcher occasionally visits the
house of his host or tulay as opposed to
staying in the house. .
PAGTATANONG-TANONG
--the researcher undergoes a kind of questioning
session with his kalahok or participants. In this
method, however” lead questions” (those questions
which directly refer to the topic being studied) are
not supposed to be asked; instead, the questions to
be asked are supposed to have been derived from
the kalahok’s answers themselves.. .
PAKIRAMDAM
- the researcher uses entirely his/her feelings
or emotions to justify if his participants or
kalahok are ready to be part of the research
or not.
PSYCHOPATOLOGY
Filipino psychopathology or
sikopatolohiya in Filipino, from
Spanish” psicopatologia” is the study
of abnormal psychology in Filipino
[Link] mental disorders have
been identified that culture-bound
syndromes, can, therefore, be found
only in the Philippines or in other
societies with which Filipino share
cultural connections.
AMOK
Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called “Austronesian
Mood” in which a person suddenly loses control of himself
and goes into a killing attitude, after which he/she
hallucinates and fails into a trance. After he/she wakes up, he
has no memory of the event.
BANGUNGOT
- a relatively common occurrence in which a person suddenly
loses control of his respiration and digestion, and falls into a
coma and untimely to death. The person is believed to dream of
falling into a deep bottomless onset of his death. This syndrome
has been repeatedly linked to Thailand’s Burgada syndrome and
the indigestion of rice. However, no such medical ties have been
proven.
Examples of Filipino Values:
❖ Hospitality - the friendly and generous reception and
entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers
❖ Utang na loob – debt of gratitude.
❖ Bahala na – fatalism or determination and being risk
taker. Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us)
