1.

1 Prime Numbers
Recap 1
What are whole numbers?

Whole numbers are simply the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ….

• No fractions or decimal.

• ½, 1.1 and 3.5 are not whole numbers.

Recap 2
What are factors?
Factors are the numbers we can multiply together to get another number.

2x3=6

1x6=6

1, 2, 3 and 6 are factors of 6.

Exercise
Number Working Factors
1 1=1x1 1
2 2=1x2 1, 2
3
4 4=1x4=2x2 1, 2, 4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Exercise
Number Working Factors
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 18 = 1 x 18 = 2 x 9 = 3 x 6 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
19
20
Solution
Number Working Factors
1 1=1x1 1
2 2=1x2 1, 2
3 3=1x3 1, 3
4 4=1x4=2x2 1, 2, 4
5 5=1x5 1, 5
6 6=1x6=2x3 1, 2, 3, 6
7 7=1x7 1, 7
8 8=1x8=2x4 1, 2, 4, 8
9 9=1x9=3x3 1, 3, 9
10 10 = 1 x 10 = 2 x 5 1, 2, 5, 10
Solution
Number Working Factors
11 11 = 1 x 11 1, 11
12 12 = 1 x 12 = 2 x 6 = 3 x 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
13 13 = 1 x 13 1, 13
14 14 = 1 x 14 = 2 x 7 1, 2, 7, 14
15 15 = 1 x 15 = 3 x 5 1, 3, 5, 15
16 16 = 1 x 16 = 2 x 8 = 4 x 4 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
17 17 = 1 x 17 1, 17
18 18 = 1 x 18 = 2 x 9 = 3 x 6 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
19 19 = 1 x 19 1, 19
20 20 = 1 x 20 = 2 x 10 = 4 x 5 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20
Classification of Whole Numbers
Number Factors Number Factors
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
1 1 11 1, 11 are Prime Numbers because
2 1, 2 12 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 they have exactly 2 factors,
1 and itself.
3 1, 3 13 1, 13
4 1, 2, 4 14 1, 2, 7, 14
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16,18, 20
5 1, 5 15 1, 3, 5, 15 are Composite Numbers
6 1, 2, 3, 6 16 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 Because they have more
than 2 different factors.
7 1, 7 17 1, 17
8 1, 2, 4, 8 18 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18
1 is a neither prime
9 1, 3, 9 19 1, 19 number nor a composite
10 1, 2, 5, 10 20 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20 numbers because it has
exactly 1 factor.
Prime Number

A prime number is a whole number that

has exactly 2 different factors, 1 and itself.
Sieve of Eratosthenes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Sieve of Eratosthenes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Sieve of Eratosthenes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

These are the prime numbers between 1 and 100

Sieve of Eratosthenes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a. Smallest prime no.? 2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 b. Largest prime no.? 97
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 c. How many prime no.? 25
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 d. Is odd no. a prime no.? No
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 e. Is even no. a composite no.?
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Yes, except 2.
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 f. Last digit of a prime no.
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 greater than 5?
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 1, 3, 7 or 9

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Worked Example 1

Determine whether each of the following is a prime or a composite number.

(a) 387 (b) 47

2 : 387 is odd, so not divisible by 2. 2 : 47 is odd, so not divisible by 2.

3: 3 + 8 + 7 = 18 which is divisible by 3. 3: 4 + 7 = 11 which is not divisible by 3.
387 is divisible by 3. 47 is not divisible by 3.
387 is a composite number. 5: Last digit of 47 is not 0 nor 5,
so 47 is not divisible by 5.
7: Use calculator to check that 47
is not divisibe by 7.
11: Do the same.
.
.
47 is a prime number.
Practise Now 1
Practise Now 1 - Solution
a. 537

2: 537 is odd, so not divisible by 2.

3: 5 + 3 + 7 = 15 which is divisible
by 3, so 537 is divisible by 3.
537 is a composite number.

b. 59

2: 59 is odd, so not divisible by 2.

3: 5 + 9 = 14 which is not divisible
by 3, so 59 is not divisible by 3
5: Last digit of 59 is not 0 or 5, so
59 is not divisible by 5.
Check with other prime no. using
a calculator shows that it is not
divisible by any prime no.
59 is a prime number.
Practise Now 1 - Solution
Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 1(a) to (d)

in page 14 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.

Worked Example 2

If p and q are whole numbers such that p x q = 13, find the value of p + q. Explain
your answer.

Since 13 is a prime number, then

13 = 1 x 13 or 13 = 13 x 1

Given p x q = 13,
p = 1 and q = 13 or p = 13 or q = 1

p + q = 1 + 13 = 14
Practise Now 2

1. If p and q are whole numbers such that p x q = 31, find the value of p + q.
Explain your answer.

2. If n is a whole number such that n x (n + 28) is a prime number, find the prime
number. Explain your answer.
Practise Now 2 - Solution

1. If p and q are whole numbers such that p x q = 31, find the value of p + q.
Explain your answer.

Since 31 is a prime number, then

31 = 1 x 31

Given p x q = 31,
p = 1 and q = 31

p + q = 1 + 31 = 32
Practise Now 2 - Solution

2. If n is a whole number such that n x (n + 28) is a prime number, find the prime
number. Explain your answer.

Since n x (n + 28) is a prime number, then

n x (n + 28) = 1 x prime number

n = 1 and the prime number = n + 28 = 29

Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 11 to 12
in page 15 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.

Index Notation

What is a short-hand way to write 5 x 5 x 5 x 5?

Index notation: 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 54

Index (plural: indices)

Write 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 in index notation: 38

Prime Factorisation

This is a method to express composite numbers as a product of

prime numbers using index notation.

18 = 2 x 3 x 3 = 2 x 32
Worked Example 3

Find the prime factorization of 60, leaving your answer in index

notation.
2 60
2 30
60 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 = 22 x 3 x 5
3 15
5 5
1
Practise Now 3

1. Find the prime factorization of 126, leaving your answer in

index notation.

2. Express 539 as a product of its prime factors.

Practise Now 3 - Solution

1. Find the prime factorization of 126, leaving your answer in

index notation.
2 126
3 63
126 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 7 = 2 x 32 x 7
3 21
7 7
1
Practise Now 3 - Solution

2. Express 539 as a product of its prime factors.

7 539
7 77
539 = 7 x 7 x 11 = 72 x 11
11 11
1
Homework

Do Exercise 1A Questions 2(a) to (d)

in page 14 of your textbook.

Do it in an exercise book.

Take a photo of your solution.

Whatsapp the photo to me on 012-3038817.