Academic Language
Student
Voices
Secret Language
School is where you go to learn
a secret language but they don’t
tell you that it’s there. You have
to figure it out on your own. It’s
like an initiation to a secret club.
Maya, 8th grade.
Pre-Service Teachers are asked to:
Select one key language function essential for students to learn
Academic within the central focus.
Language—
edTPA Identify a key learning task from plans that provide students
opportunities to practice using the language function.
Language Demands (consider language function & task)
describe the language demands (written or oral) students need
to understand and/or use.
Vocabulary
Syntax
Discourse
Language Supports: Describe instructional supports that will
help students understand and use language function &
additional language demands.
Assessments: What formal and informal assessments will
provide evidence of students’ understanding and fluency?
TPA Glossary: Stanford Center for Assessment, Learning, and Equity
Language Functions
content and focus of the learning task
edTPA Terms represented by action verb within the
Academic Language
learning outcome (describing,
Vocabulary
comparing, summarizing, etc.)
Discourse
Language Demand
Language Functions
Syntax
Math
Language
Compare/Contrast Functions
Conjecture
Describe
Explain
Prove
Simplify
Solve
There are language demands that
teachers need to consider as they
edTPA
plan to support student learning of
content, which include:
Vocabulary
Discourse
Syntax
Vocabulary
includes words and phrases (and
edTPA
Terms
symbols) that are used within
disciplines including:
Academic Language
words and phrases with subject specific
Vocabulary meanings that differ from meanings used in
Discourse
everyday life (e.g., table, ruler, force,
balance);
Language Demand
general academic vocabulary used across
Language Functions disciplines (e.g., compare, analyze,
Syntax evaluate); and
subject-specific words defined for use in the
discipline.
Discourse
Structures of written and oral language
edTPA
Terms How members of the discipline talk,
Academic Language
write, and participate in knowledge
Vocabulary
construction
Discourse
Discipline-specific: Math
Language Demand Describe how representations are related
Language Functions (numeric to graphical to symbolic)
Syntax
Explanations
Writing (exit slips) to explain or describe
Syntax
Set of conventions for organizing
edTPA Terms
symbols, words and phrases together
into structures (e.g., sentences, graphs,
Academic Language
tables)
Vocabulary
Discourse
Examples from mathematics:
Language Demand
Language Functions
Syntax
How Do We Provide Language Supports
for Academic Language?
Use sentence frames, or guided notes.
connecting oral language to visual representations (e.g., pointing to elements of a
graph on the board as you're talking about it, using gestures);
"revoicing" students' contributions using slightly more academic language, and
double-speaking (i.e., saying it using both academic and non-academic language).
with the assumption that you will be developing academic language OVER TIME -
i.e., you don't expect them to use the academic phrases right
using and encouraging kids to use "technical writing tools" to justify thinking,
including color, arrows, labels, etc., in addition to language;
giving them opportunitites to communicate their thinking in pairs or groups,
rather than always in whole class;
being precise about their referents when they're explaining something (i.e., try
to avoid "this" and "that", and instead name the thing they're mentioning.