Autoimmune disease
Objective
Introduction
Definition
Type of autoimmune disease
Symptoms
Diagnosis of autoimmune disease
Treatment of autoimmune disease
References
Introduction
Autoimmune is a pathological condition in which there is
malfunctioning of immune system and the immune system is
activated causing the destruction of its own cells since it serve its
own cells as foreign cells. In most cases the reason of autoimmune
reaction leading autoimmunity are unknown but studies shows that
there are a no of factors which are associated with autoimmunity
are genetic, infection ,environment. (Okada H et al.,2010).
Introdution
Immune system is a system which comprises offset of chemical,
cellular and soluble protein mechanism which protects the body
against the infections without attacking its own molecules
antigens are the proteins which Produces the specific response in
the body. They are found in whole body such as spleen, bone
marrow, liver, thymus, gut etc. there are presence of specific
molecule which are present on T and B lymphocyte which
distinct the self and non self molecule.(okada H etal.,2010).
Defintion
Autoimmune diseases are defined as pathologies of adaptive
immunity by the presence of autoantibodies or MHC-restricted
auto antigen-reactive T cells. Because auto reactivity is a normal
process based on mechanisms producing repertoires of antibodies
and T cell receptors, crucial questions about disease mechanisms
and key steps for interference have been outstanding.( Opdenakker et
al.,2020).
Type of autoimmune disease
They are mainly three types :
1.Systemic autoimmune disease
2.Localized autoimmune disease
3.Hemocytolytic autoimmune disease
Systemic disorders
1.Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)
2.Goodpasture syndrome
3.Sarcoidosis
4.Sjogren syndrome
5.Rheumatoid arthritis
6.Multiple sclerosis
7.Polyarthritis nodosa
Haemocytolytic disorder
1.Autoimmune leucopenia disease
2.Autoimmune thrombocytopenia
3.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Local disorders
1.Dermatomyositis
2.Psoriasis
3.Vitiligo
4.Alopecia areata
5.addisondisease
6.Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
7. Hashimotos disease
8.Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
(Ferrari and silvia Martina, (2019)) .
symptoms
Fatigue
joint pain and swelling
skin problem
abdominal pain or digestive issues
recurring fever
swollen gland(ctti et al.,2017).
Diagnosis of autoimmune disease
By clinical symptoms
immunofluorescence
immuno diffusion
enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) techniques
Radio immuno assay
Use of Antigen to Detect Autoantibodies (Kim et al.,(2019)).
Treatment of autoimmune disease
Glucocorticoids
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
immunosuppressive and biological agents
polyphenols
B12 for treatment hemolytic anemia
Usage of Monoclonal antibody ( Khan and Haroon,(2019))
References
1.khan, Haroon, et al. "Polyphenols in the treatment of autoimmune diseases."
Autoimmunity reviews 18.7 (2019): 647-657.
2.Ferrari, Silvia Martina, et al. "The association of other autoimmune diseases in
patients with Graves' disease (with or without ophthalmopathy): review of the
literature and report of a large series." Autoimmunity reviews 18.3 (2019): 287-292.
3.Kim, Jong Hoon, and Soo-Chan Kim. "Paraneoplastic pemphigus: paraneoplastic
autoimmune disease of the skin and mucosa." Frontiers in Immunology 10 (2019):
1259.
4.Davidson, Anne, and Betty Diamond. "General features of autoimmune disease."
The autoimmune diseases. Academic Press, 2020. 17-4
REFRENCES
5.Opdenakker, G., El-Asrar, A. A., & Van Damme, J. (2020). Remnant
Epitopes Generating Autoimmunity: From Model to Useful Paradigm. Trends
in Immunology.
6.Okada H, Kuhn C, Feillet H, Bach JF (2010) The ‘hygienehypothesis’ for
autoimmune and allergic diseases: an update.Clin Exp Immunol 160: 1-9.
7.ctti, M., Lahner, E., Esposito, G., Sacchi, M. C., Severi, C., & Annibale, B.
(2017). Upper gastrointestinal saraboymptoms in autoimmune gastritis: A
cross-sectional study. Medicine, 96(1).
