NEW IT

INITIATIV
ES
UNIT - V
 KGiSL Institute of Technology
Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai
KGiSLCampus, Saravanampatti
Coimbatore –641 035

Department of Management Studies

Subject Name : INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

Subject Code : BA4106

Class : I MBA
Handled By : [Link] MBA
Assistant Professor
 SYLLABUS
NEW IT INITIATIVES

Introduction to Deep learning, Big

data, Pervasive Computing, Cloud
computing, Advancements in AI,
IoT, Block chain, Crypto currency,
Quantum computing
 Deep Learning is a subset
of Machine Learning that
uses mathematical functions to
map the input to the output.
These functions can extract
non-redundant information or
patterns from the data, which
enables them to form a
relationship between the input
and the output.
WHAT IS DEEP LEARNING?
Deep learning creates many layers of neurons, attempting to learn
structured representation of big data, layer by layer.
  One of the most traditional types of DL architectures
Multi Layer
 Every element of a previous layer, is connected to
Perceptron
every element of the next layer. Such layer is called
(MLP)
dense layer.
 Fell out of favor, in part because they are hard to train

Convolution  Type of feed forward deep neural network

Neural  Takes a fixed size inputs and generates fixed-size outputs
Network  Mostly used in computer vision applications for
(CNN) object detection, classification and semantic
segmentation
 Ideal for image and video processing

 Feed forward neural networks extended to include

Recurrent Neural
feedback connections
Network
 Use their internal memory to process arbitrary
(RNN)
sequence of inputs, hence can handle arbitrary
input/output length
 Useful for time series data where features representing
the past are assumed to have bearing on the future
 Ideal for text and speech analysis
Deep learning frameworks
1. Building a deep learning solution is a big challenge because of its
complexity.
2. Frameworks are tools to ease the building of deep learning
solutions.
3. Frameworks offer a higher level of abstraction and
simplify potentially difficult programming tasks.
Popular Frameworks:
a. TensorFlow:
b. Developed by Google
c. The most used deep learning framework
d. Based on Github stars and forks and Stack Overflow activity
Caffe:
a. Developed by Berkeley Vision and Learning Center (BVLC)
[Link] for CNN modeling (imaging/computer vision applications) and its Model
Zoo (a selection of pre-trained networks)
Deep learning development flow

1. Selection of a framework for development

2. Selecting labeled data set of classes to train the network upon
Trained Network
3. Designing initial network model
4. Training the network Translate (PC)

5. Saving the parameters and architecture in a binary file

6. Inference

“cat”
“dog”
“dog”

CNN training CNN deployment

 Where can deep learning are used?
Anywhere you want to classify data …

Industrial Factory & Automation Agriculture Retail

• Improving pick and place Optimize crop watering • Improve automated checkout
• Predictive maintenance/failure and harvesting • Track shoppers and provide
incentives
Deep learning: A few example uses
Entertainment/Gaming
Industrial
• Object detection and localization
Food Industry •Gesture recognition
• Sorting
• Robotics
• Quality control and inspection •Sorting •User identification
• AR (camera pose and location)
• Packaging
•Quality control • motional feedback
Smart Homes
• Vacuum cleaners • Experience monitoring
• Automatic lawn mowers
• Intrusion and Hazard detection
•Advanced analytics
• Smart lights, ovens,
refrigerators, etc. Agriculture
Smart Cities & Infrastructure
• Parking •Autonomous tractors and
• Traffic monitoring combines
• Security monitoring •Fruit harvesting
• Road inspection •Weed control
“Now this is not the end. It is not even the
beginning of the end. But it is, perhaps, the end
of the beginning.”

--Winston Churchill
 Big Data is a collection of data

that is huge in volume, yet growing

exponentially with time. It is a data

with so large size and complexity

that none of traditional data

management tools can store it or

process it efficiently. Big data is

also a data but with huge size.

 What is an Example of Big Data?
The New York Stock A single Jet engine can
Exchange is an example of Big Data generate 10+terabytes of data in 30
that generates about one terabyte minutes of flight time. With many
of new trade thousand flights per day, generation of
data per day. data reaches up to many Petabytes.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
BIG DATA BIG DATA
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF BIG DATA

1. Machine Learning 2. Natural Language Processing

(NLP)
 It is the science of
making computers learn 1. It is the ability of a computer to understand
stuff by themselves. human language as spoken.
 In machine learning, a 2. Both use NLP and other technologies to give us a
computer is expected to use virtual assistant experience. NLP is all around us
algorithms and statistical models without us even realizing it.
to perform specific tasks without 3. The most obvious examples that people can
any explicit instructions.  relate to these days are google home and Amazon
 Machine learning applications Alexa.
provide results based on past
experience.
 MAIN COMPONENTS OF BIG DATA
4. Cloud Computing
3. Business
Intelligence If we go by the name, it should be
computing done on clouds; well, it is true, just

Business Intelligence (BI) is a here we are not talking about real clouds, cloud

method or process that is technology- here is a reference for the Internet.

driven to gain insights by analyzing   So we can define cloud computing as the

data and presenting it in a way that delivery of computing services—servers, storage,

the end-users (usually high-level databases, networking, software, analytics,

executives) like managers and intelligence, and moreover the Internet (“the

corporate leaders can gain some cloud”) to offer faster innovation, flexible

actionable insights from it and make resources, and economies of scale.

informed business decisions on it.

 Types Of Big Data
1. Structured 2. Unstructured
Employee_N Salary_In_lac
Employee_ID Gender Department
ame s

Rajesh
2365  Male  Finance 650000
Kulkarni 
Pratibha
3398  Female  Admin  650000
Joshi 
7465  Shushil Roy  Male  Admin  500000
Shubhojit
7500  Male  Finance  500000
Das 
7699  Priya Sane  Female  Finance  550000

3. Semi-structured
PERVASIVE COMPUTING
It also called ubiquitous computing, is the growing trend of embedding
computational capability (generally in the form of microprocessors) into everyday
objects to make them effectively communicate and perform useful tasks in a way that
minimizes the end user's need to interact with computers as computers

Pervasive computing devices have evolved to include:

1. laptops;
2. notebooks;
3. smartphones;
tablets;
4. wearable devices;
and sensors (for example, on fleet management and pipeline components,
lighting systems, appliances).
Pervasive computing and the internet of things
 The internet of things (IoT) has largely evolved
out of pervasive computing.
 IoT-connected devices communicate and provide
notifications about usage.
 IoT is on its way to providing this vision and turning
common objects into connected devices, yet, as of
now, requires a great deal of configuration and
human-computer interaction -- something Weiser's
ubiquitous computing does not.
 , it may be useful to collect data from the wireless
sensor network first.
Pervasive computing is a combination of three technologies, namely:
[Link] electronics technology:
This technology gives small powerful device and display with low energy consumption.
[Link] communication technology:
This technology provides higher bandwidth, higher data transfer rate at lower costs and with world
wide roaming.
[Link] Internet standardization:
This standardization is done through various standardization bodies and industry to give the
framework for combining all components into an interoperable system with security, service and
billing systems.
Examples
Examples of pervasive computing include electronic toll
systems on highways; tracking applications, such as Life360,
which can track the location of the user, the speed at which
they are driving and how much battery life their smartphone
has; Apple Watch; Amazon Echo; smart traffic lights; and
Fitbit.
 Cloud Computing is defined as storing and
accessing of data and computing services over
the internet. It doesn’t store any data on your
personal computer. It is the on-demand
availability of computer services like servers, data
storage, networking, databases, etc. The main
purpose of cloud computing is to give access to
data centers to many users. Users can also access
data from a remote server.
Examples of Cloud Computing Services: AWS, Azure,
Google
Types of Clouds

Private Cloud: Here, computing resources are deployed for one particular

organization. This method is more used for intra-business interactions.
Where the computing resources can be governed, owned and operated by
the same organization.
Community Cloud: Here, computing resources are provided for a
community and organizations.
Public Cloud: This type of cloud is used usually for B2C (Business to
Consumer) type interactions. Here the computing resource is owned,
governed and operated by government, an academic or business
organization.
Hybrid Cloud: This type of cloud can be used for both type of interactions
– B2B (Business to Business) or B2C ( Business to Consumer). This
deployment method is called hybrid cloud as the computing resources are
bound together by different clouds.
Benefits of Cloud Computing
The potential for cost saving is the major reason of cloud services adoption by many organizations. Cloud
computing gives the freedom to use services as per the requirement and pay only for what you use. Due to
cloud computing it has become possible to run IT operations as a outsourced unit without much in-house
resources.
Now in this Cloud Computing tutorial, we will learn the benefits of Cloud Computing.
i) Lower IT infrastructure and computer costs for users
ii) Improved performance
iii) Fewer Maintenance issues
iv) Instant software updates
v) Improved compatibility between Operating systems
vi) Backup and recovery
vii) Performance and Scalability
viii) Increased storage capacity
ix) Increase data safety
 Examples of Cloud Computing
Here are some examples of Cloud computing applications:
Education:
Government:
Big data Analytics:
Communication:
Business Process:
Facebook, Dropbox, and Gmail:
Citizen Services:
The cloud technology can be used for handling citizen services too. It is widely
used for storing, managing, updating citizen details, acknowledging forms, and even
verifying the current status of applications can be performed with the help of cloud
computing.
 SaaS (Software as a Service)
SaaS or software as a service is a software distribution model in
which applications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and
made available to customers over a network (internet). SaaS is
becoming an increasingly prevalent delivery model as underlying
technologies that supports Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
or Web Services. Through internet this service is available to
users anywhere in the world.
PaaS (Platform as a Service)
Platform as a service, is referred as PaaS, it provides a platform
and environment to allow developers to build applications and
services. This service is hosted in the cloud and accessed by the
users via internet.
 IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)
IaaS (Infrastructure As A Service) is one of the fundamental service model of cloud
computing alongside PaaS( Platform as a Service). It provides access to computing
resources in a virtualized environment “the cloud” on internet. It provides computing
infrastructure like virtual server space, network connections, bandwidth, load balancers
and IP addresses. The pool of hardware resource is extracted from multiple servers and
networks usually distributed across numerous data centers. This provides redundancy
and reliability to IaaS.
 BLOCKCHAIN
Blockchain, and other distributed ledger technologies (DLTs3), offer an alternative way of
securing data and transaction records for use by multiple parties without reliance on a trusted,
central authority. DLTs allow an immediate and secure digital transfer of value and ownership
within a network, in total transparency. Consequently, they could profoundly reshape economic
transactions. The technology has all the characteristics of a general-purpose technology, which
means it is pervasive, improvable over time and allows complementary innovations
Key features of blockchain
Distributed. In a blockchain, each node independently constructs its own record of
transactions.
Immutable. Given its use of cryptography, once a transaction is added to blockchain it
generally cannot be undone.
 Payment tokens.
Security (or asset and financial) tokens.
Utility (or consumer) tokens.
4. Access to finance for SMEs
5. Traceability in supply chains
6. Better integrated transport services
i)account for changes in data science and technology when developing MaaS
ii)look beyond initial cryptocurrency applications of DLTs
iii)help deploy the building blocks that enable wider uptake of distributed ledgers
iv)apply blockchain technology now for slow and relatively small transport use cases
v)anticipate next-generation DLTs for “big and fast” applications to be deployed later
vi)develop algorithmic code-based regulation to accompany the uptake of DLTs
7. Improved efficiency in the public sector
8. Towards low-carbon infrastructure models
[Link] of national blockchain strategies across countries calls for a globally coherent approach
DLT innovation and adoption
a. effective, efficient and appropriate regulation and standards
b. skills and capabilities that can drive innovation
c. strong international investment and collaboration.
QUANTUM COMPUTING

Quantum computing is a type of computation that harnesses the

collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition,

interference, and entanglement, to perform calculations. The devices

that perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers.

• The theory of quantum mechanics opens a door to new

technologies

• Quantum computers provide an advantage for specific

computational tasks
Qubits
The unit for data storage in a quantum computer is called a qubit. This is an extension
of the bit, which is the unit for data storage of a classical computer. A qubit can take
the two binary values 0 and 1, as well as a range of values in between, through the
quantum mechanical phenomenon of superposition.
Computational power
Most applications need a high number of qubits that operate together in a controlled
way. This is a huge technological challenge. A qubit needs to be isolated from any
outside interference to maintain its quantum features. The more qubits need to operate
together, the harder this task becomes. Failing to achieve sufficient isolation or control,
results in errors in the computation, also referred to as “noise”.
Quantum computers promise both economic gains and political disruption
Quantum computing remains at an early stage for many sectors
Major reforms are needed to protect national and cybersecurity from quantum computers

Analogue and gate-based quantum computers

a. Quantum computing could increase efficiency of data analysis, forecasting and machine
learning
b. Quantum computers could help solve difficult problems through optimisation
c. Corporations in the financial sector have invested in quantum computing
d. More research is needed to prove the value of quantum computing
e. While effective quantum computers are on the horizon, further development is needed
for real-world f. applications
f. Achieving three milestones would advance the potential of quantum computers
Quantum hardware

i) The commercial quantum computing ecosystem is growing due to recent

investments
ii) Europe, the United States and China are global leaders in quantum technology
Leaders offer start-ups access to quantum technology
iii) Governments stimulate development and prepare for disruptions
iv) Diverse collaborations spur development of quantum computing
Quantum technology entails a trade-off between computing power and security

A quantum Internet can combine computational power of computers

worldwide
THANK
YOU