Partial Differentiation

An Introduction
 Partial Differentiation
Function of Two variable: Let be a symbol which has a
definite value for every pair of values of and , then is
called a function of two independent variable and and is
written as
u  f x, y  or z  f x, y 

For Example z  f x, y   sin x  y 

x2  y2  z 2
z  f x , y , z  
x yz

  
u  sin y  ax  y  ax 2
 Partial Differentiation
Partial Differential Coefficients: The partial
differential coefficient of u  f x, y  with respect to is
defined as
f
Provided this limit exists and is written as or f x or Dx f ,
x
treated as constant.

f x  x, y   f x, y 
Lt
x 0 x
 Partial Differentiation
Partial Differential Coefficients: The partial
differential coefficient of f x, y  with respect to is
defined as f x, y  y   f x, y 
Lt
y  0 y
f
Provided this limit exists and is written as or f y or Dy f,
y
treated as constant.
2 f 2 f

xy yx
 Partial Differentiation
Example:
 Partial Differentiation
.. u
x
𝑥 and are constant
u

𝑢
y
𝑦 and are constant
u
z
𝑧 and are constant
 Partial Differentiation

𝑥
2 2 2
Example 1: ux y z

Differentiating w. r. t. and
partially 𝑢 𝑦
u
 2x
x
u
 2y 𝑧
y
u
 2z
z
 Partial Differentiation

𝑥
2 3
Example 2: u  x y  xy
Differentiating w. r. t. and
partially
𝑢
u
x
 2 xy  y 3
𝑦
u
 x 2  3xy 2
y
 Partial Differentiation
Example 3: x
u  sin 2 x  3 y   cos3 x  4 y 
Differentiating u w. r. t. x and y
partially u

y
u
 2 cos2 x  3 y   3 sin 3 x  4 y 
x

u
 3 cos2 x  3 y   4 sin 3 x  4 y 
y
 Partial Differentiation
Example 4: u  tan 1 y
x
𝑥
Differentiating w. r. t. and
Partially 𝑢
u
x

1
2
.
  y
 
 y  x  x  Similarly 𝑦
1  
x u 1   y
 .  
x2  y y  y
2
y  x 
 2 2  2 
1  
x y  x  x
y x
 2  2
x  y2 x  y2
 Partial Differentiation
3
 u
𝑥
x2  y2  z2
Example 5: If u  e Find
xyz
Differentiating w. r. t.partially
We get 𝑢 𝑦
u x 2  y 2  z 2 …….(1)

z
 2 ze 𝑧
Now differentiating (1) partially w. r. t. , we get
  u 
 
y  z  y


2 ze 
x2  y 2  z 2

x2  y 2  z 2
……………(2)
 4 yze
 Partial Differentiation
3
 u
𝑥
x2  y2  z2
Example 5: If u  e Find
xyz
Differentiating w. r. t. partially
We get 𝑢 𝑦
 3u

   2u 
  

4 yze 
x2  y 2  z 2
 𝑧
xyz  
x  yz  x

x2  y2  z2
 8 xyze  8 xyzu
 Partial Differentiation
Example 6: Show that u x, y, z   cos 3 x cos 4 y sinh 5 z
Satisfies Laplace’s equation u xx  u yy  u zz  0
Solution: Here
u x  3 sin 3 x cos 4 y sinh 5 z
u xx  9 cos 3 x cos 4 y sinh 5 z  9u
u y  4 cos 3 x sin 4 y sinh 5 z
u yy  16 sin 3 x cos 4 y sinh 5 z  16u
u z  5 cos 3 x sin 4 y cosh 5 z
u zz  25 cos 3 x sin 4 y sinh 5 z  25u
Adding all the values we get
u xx  u yy  u zz  9u  16u  25u  0
 Partial Differentiation
du
Example 7. If u  e mx  y  z ; y  m sin x; z  cos x find dx
Solution: differentiating with respect to and respectively,
we get
u
𝑥
 me mx  y  z 
x
𝑢 𝑦
u u
 e mx  e mx
y z 𝑧
Also from the second and third equation we get.

dy dz
 m cos x   sin x
dx dx
 Partial Differentiation
Using chain rule
du u u dy u dz
  .  .
dx x y dx z dx
du
 me mx  y  z   me mx cos x  e mx  sin x 
dx
du
 e mx m y  z   m cos x  sin x 
dx
du
 e mx mm sin x  cos x   m cos x  sin x 
dx
du
 e mx m 2  1sin x
dx
 Partial Differentiation
 2u  2u
Example 8. If u  x log y show that xy

yx
………(1)
Solution: differentiating (1) partially with respect to ,
taking as constant, we get
u
 log y ……(2)
x
Now differentiating (2) with respect to , we get
 2u 1

xy y
 Partial Differentiation
 2u  2u
Example 8. If u  x log y show that 
xy yx
………(1)
Solution: differentiating (1) partially with respect to ,
taking as constant, we get
u x
 ……(3)
y y
Now differentiating (3) with respect to , we get
 2u 1  2u
 
yx y xy
Thank You