ST.

LOUIS HIGHER INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL STUDIES

Written and presented by ;

• DefinItion:
• according to WHO it’s refers to as the used of environmental, social
and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well-being
among people in ways that advance Their aspirations and satisfy their
needs in the unique environment.
• Or its a field of medical an clinical science which focuses on the
maintenance, protection and improvement of the health needs of
individuals and communities while considering the socio-economic
and environmental factors inpacting their health
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH(1/1).
Accordingly with the Alma-Ata conference of 1978 there are three level
of community health organizations.
• Primary health care. Primary health care programs aim to reduce risk
factors and increase health promotion and prevention.
• Secondary health care. Secondary health care, also called "hospital
care," is where acute care is administered in a hospital [Link]
health care.
• Tertiary health care refers to highly specialized care usually involving
disease or disability management.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH(2/2).
*The actions and conditions that protect and improve community or
population health can be organized into three areas:
• health promotion; involve educational and social effort in community
health stabilization. e.g sensibilisation campaign on COVID-19.
• health protection; include the use of laws, rules and regulations so as to
maintain and sustain health status in a community. e.g the present law in
Canada that impose every citizen to get vaccinated or else will be jailed.
• health services; They include, smoking cessation clinics, and child
health services including health visiting and school nursing.
 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
(PHC)
• It’s refers to as the first level of contact for a nation health services
with individuals of a community.
• It address the main health problems in the community providing
health promotion service through;
- Preventive,
- Curative,
- And rehabilitative services.
Principles for PHC;
*There are five principles for PHC.
-Promote social equity.
- Nation wide/wider coverage.
- Intersectoral coordination.
- self-reliance.
- people’s involvement in planning and implementation of health
programs.
 Components of PHC
• According to the Alma-Ata conference of 1978. There are 12
components which involve monitoring and intervention of the PHC,
which are;
• Public education.
• promotion of Proper nutrition.
• Clean water and sanitation.
• Maternal and child health care.
• Immunization
• Local disease controlled.
• Drugs availability and distribution/essential drugs provisions.
• Accesibility, availability and affordability of health services.
• Promotion of mental health and rehabilitative services.
• Endemic disease prevention an control of non-communicable
diseases.

• Referrals.
• Family planning.
 CAMEROON HEALTH SYSTEM AND
DIALOGUE STRUCTURE (1/3).
• The cameroon health system is controlled by the Minister of public health.
• It consist of three levels of organization with their dialogue structure.
• I- Central level* Central Services of the Ministry of Public Health: These
services coordinate, regulate, and develop concepts, strategies and
policies in the field of health.
• * Structures of care: These structures are represented by: the general
hospitals in reference, the Centers Hospital-Universities, the central
hospitals and agencies under guardianship.
• * Structures of this dialogue; There are the boards of directors or
management committees.
 CAMEROON HEALTH SYSTEM AND
DIALOGUE STRUCTURE(2/3).
• II- Intermediate level
• * Administrative Structures: These structures correspond to the
different provincial delegations. They provide technical support to the
health districts.
• * Structures of care: These structures are represented by the
provincial hospitals and assimilated.
• * Structures for dialogue: What are the management committees
(COGE)
 CAMEROON HEALTH SYSTEM AND
DIALOGUE STRUCTURE(3/3).
• III- Peripheral level
• * Administrative Structures: represented by the district health
services, they implement the national programs.
• * Structures of care: These structures are represented by: the district
hospitals, medical centers and district health centers.
• *Structures for dialogue: These are the COSADI, COGEDI, COSA, and
COGE.
 COMMUNITY NURSE
WORKERS
• Defination ;A Community Health Nurse (CHN) is a registered nurse
(RN) who specialize in promoting health for diverse communities,
infants, children, adolescents and adults.
• One of the primary roles of a community health nurse is to identify
health problems in the community
• and to provide health care to patients who may not have access to, or
be able to afford, medical services.
• CHNs develop intervention plans to address the health, safety, and
quality of life needs of individuals and communities.
• They may also identify health concerns that impact a specific population,
• conduct community assessments to identify potential problems, and
develop.
• implement health education programs.
• Community health nurses work to improve the health and well-being of
the communities they serve by educating them about illness, disease
prevention, safe health practices, and how to obtain health care services.
• They also facilitate communication between people, their families, and
the medical community in order to improve health outcomes.
Role of a community nurse
• Some of the activities CHNs are involved in include:
• -Educating communities about healthy lifestyles and disease
prevention.
• 1).Providing in-home treatment and support services to individuals
and families who need them. This can include blood pressure
monitoring, pain management, medication administration, and
wound care.
• 2).Performing free health screenings for common diseases, including
obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol
• 3).Conducting health assessments to identify risk factors for chronic
conditions like cardiovascular disease
• 4).Counseling people who are at increased risk of illness or injury
about how to take precautions to prevent illness, including
performing screenings that lead to early detection of disease
• 4).Describing how insurance works and helping uninsured or
underinsured people gain access to healthcare services
• 5).Participating in community outreach by distributing public health
information at schools, churches, workplaces, and other community
settings.
Where Community health nurses work
• Schools.
• -Nursing Homes and Retirement Communities.
• -Community Centers.
• -Homeless Shelters.
• -Prisons.
• -Veterans’ Facilities.
• -Outpatient and Inpatient Settings.
• healthcare clinics and hospitals,
• community agencies.