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18 Limestone Calcite

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral calcite, which is calcium carbonate. It often contains magnesium carbonate as well. When limestone undergoes metamorphism, it becomes marble or crystalline limestone. Calcite is also found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Limestone and calcite are important resources used mainly in cement production, as well as in glass, soil conditioning, and other applications.

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121 views7 pages

18 Limestone Calcite

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of the mineral calcite, which is calcium carbonate. It often contains magnesium carbonate as well. When limestone undergoes metamorphism, it becomes marble or crystalline limestone. Calcite is also found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Limestone and calcite are important resources used mainly in cement production, as well as in glass, soil conditioning, and other applications.

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Abhishek Pandit
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Limestone; sedimentary rock; composed of mineral (Clacite) CaCO3.

Limestone often contains magnesium carbonate, either as dolomite


CaMg(CO3)2 or magnesite (MgCO3) mixed with calcite. : 'dolomitic' or
'magnesian' limestone.
Limestone-> metamorphism: become coarsely crystalline and are
referred to as 'marble' and 'crystalline limestone'.
Calcite (56% CaO, 44% CO2): found in igneous, sedimentary and
metamorphic rocks.
Other common varieties : 'marl‘ (a lime rich mud contains variable
amounts of clays and silt), 'oolite' (oolitic limestone), Chalk, Coral,
Shells, Stalactites, Stalagmites
Limestone Calcite Chalk
Calcite is a rock forming mineral :
'CalcSpar‘, crystallised transparent variety
; known as 'Iceland Spar‘
Formation: igneous rock-> weathering action -> Ca
dissolved as CaCO3 by action of carbonic acid->
carried away -> Deposited due to low solubility->
Metamorphic transformation ->Sedimentary rock

Stalactites, Stalagmites

Marble
RESOURCES: Limestone: 2,03,224 million tonnes,
Calcite: 23 million tonnes: # Limestone: Karnataka ~27% ,
Andhra Pradesh & Rajasthan (12% each), Gujarat (10%),
Meghalaya (9%), Telangana (8%) and Chhattisgarh & Madhya
Pradesh (5% each). # Calcite: Rajasthan (53%) , Andhra
Pradesh (40%) and Madhya Pradesh (5%).
Rajasthan
Calcite
USES: The principal use (95%) of limestone is in the Cement
(Limestone + Clay -> (C3S + C2S + C3A) => cementing phases).
# Glass: Soda-Lime-Silica glass (CaO~8-15%)
Blast furnaces: limestone flux.
#Quicklime (CaO), #Slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) and #Mortar. #Soil
conditioner to neutralize acidic soils
•Calcite: Mainly Glass and Glaze.,
•Transparent crystal of calcite (Iceland Spar)free from flaw is most
valued in the Optical Industry for the manufacture of Nicol prism.

#Sculptures because of its suitability for carving.


#Toothpaste, paper, plastic, paint, tiles and other materials as both
white pigment and cheap filler. #for Calcium carbide, Bleaching
powder, #Metallic calcium (reducing organic compounds, de-
sulphurising petroleum, de-bismuthising lead, calcium-silicon alloys,
calcium hydride ),
Structure: The structure can be derived from NaCl structure (Cubic):
Deformed along c-axis, forming Trigonal, Na+ ions are equivalent to
Ca+2 ions, while those of Cl-2 are equivalent to CO3-2. Ca-ions are in the
octahedral co-ordination of oxygen belonging to the apexes of
triangular (CO)-2 anion.
Action of Heat: Decomposes: 830-860 C
Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) curves of the limestone: Small
Endothermic peak at 585 is due to the decomposition of
small MaCO3 impurity.
838: decomposition of CaCO3
Pure calcite TG-DSC:

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