INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS
Computer
Machine that perform a variety
of tasks
Data processing machine
Why Is A Computer So Powerful?
Ability to Perform Certain Logic
Operations
Ability to Provide New Time
Dimensions
Ability to Store and Retrieve
Information
Ability to Control Error
Ability to Check Itself
Two major Component
Hardware
Tangible parts of a computer
electronic and mechanical parts
Software
Intangible parts of a computer
data and the computer programs
Basic Computer Hardwares
The Central Processing
Unit
The “BRAIN “ of the
computer
Contains millions of
extremely tiny electrical
parts.
Memory
Here is where the data and
instructions are stored
Main Memory
- Random Access Memory(RAM)
VOLATILE / Temporary
memory
(once the computer is turned off, all
data residing in the main memory is
lost)
Secondary Memory
- Read Only Memory(ROM)
Hold programs and
data for long term use
NON-VOLATILE
memory (Permanent)
(all data residing in the
secondary memory is retained
even the computer is turned off)
Input and Output Devices
Devices that allows
a computer system
to interact with the
outside
The Keyboard
The most commonly used input device
data is entered by manually typing
certain keys
A keyboard typically has 101 to 105 keys
The Mouse
pointing device which is used to control the
movement of a mouse pointer
A mouse has one to five buttons. The
bottom of the mouse detects movement of
the mouse.
Mouse Actions
Action Definition
Click / Left-click Press and release the left
mouse button, without
moving the mouse.
Use to select items/icons
on screen
Right-click Press and release the
right mouse button,
without moving the mouse.
Action Definition
Double-click Press and release the left mouse
button twice in rapid succession
without moving the mouse.
Use to activate certain command
Click-and-drag Press and do not release the left
mouse button, and then move the
mouse with the button still held
down, and finally release the
button.
Mouse Wheel Use to scroll up and down
14
Output Devices
Output devices make the information
resulting from the processing available for
use.
Example: Monitor and Printer
The printer produces a hard copy of your
output, and the computer screen produces
a soft copy of your output.
Storage Devices
Auxiliary storage devices are
used to store data when they are
not being used in memory.
Example: floppy disks, hard disks
and CD/DVD.
Software
The program that a
computer uses in order to
function
Programs acts like instructions for
the processor
Types of Computer Programs
System Programs
(Operating System)
Programs that are needed
to keep all the hardware
and software systems
running together smoothly
○ Example:
Linux, Windows, Unix and
Solaris
Application Programs
Programs that people use to get their
work done
Microsoft Word
word processing software package.
use to type letters, reports, and other
documents.
Microsoft Excel
use to compute numerical values and perform
formulas and equations
mainly used in accounting and tabular documents
Microsoft Powerpoint
Used on making audio-visual presentations
Built in animations, transitions and design for the
convenient of the user.
Internet
World Wide Web (www)
The gateway to a new dimension
Use to browse and share information to
everyone and everywhere.
How to properly turn on your
computer
Check power supply and connections
A: Power Connector - connect a power cable to the computer
from an electrical outlet.
B: Power Supply Unit (PSU) - The power supply unit provides
all the electrical power needed by all the components of your
computer system
C: Mouse Port - The mouse is a pointing device that enables
you to move and select items on the screen
D: Keyboard Port - The keyboard is one of the input devices
that allows you to enter instructions and information into a
computer.
E: USB Port - (USB) Acronym for Universal Serial Bus
F: Parallel Port (Printer Port)
G: Serial Port (COM Port) This port can be used to connect a
computer peripheral such as a modem, mouse, etc.
H: Game Port - The game port is a 15-pin female analog port
used to connect game controllers such as joystick
I: Monitor Port
J: Ethernet Port (RJ-45) - The ethernet port accepts an
ethernet cable which allows you to communicate on a network
that runs Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol(TCP/IP).
K: Modem - It is typically used to send digital data over a
phone line.
How to properly turn on your
computer
Press the power button of the
computer and monitor
Choose from the users(if
necessary) then enter
password(if required)
Computer desktop will appear
Computer Desktop
-First screen to display once you open your computer
Main parts of the Desktop
Use to access drives of the computer system[Local
Disk (C:), Local Disk (D:)]
Here is where deleted items/objects are sent.
Launches the web browser
(Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox)
Start Button
- use to access programs of the computer system
Task Bar
- Location of Start button, active programs and Current time and date.
Ways to shutdown your computer
Click Start - Shutdown
Press Alt + F4 then choose shutdown
Press Ctrl + Alt + Del then click Shutdown
button
Press the power button of the system unit.
