Feed Raw Material
Handling and Storage
Raw Material for Poultry
Feed
Raw % of Sources
Material Feed
Coarse grains 48 Maize, Rice tips, Sorghum & Wheat.
Cereal by 18 Rice polishing, Rice bran, Wheat bran, Maize
products bran & Molasses.
Vegetable 20 Soybean meal, Canola meal, Sunflower meal,
Proteins Rape seed meal, Guar meal, Cotton seed meal,
Sesame meal & Corn gluten meal.
Animal 7 Fish meal, Poultry by product meal, Meat meal.
Proteins
Others 5 Dicalcium Phosphate, Limestone, Bone meal.
Micro- 2 Vitamins, Minerals, Amino acids, Feed additives
Ingredients & Coccidiostats.
Handling & Storage
Grain storage Liquid storage
Godowns – Tanks & bins
– Bagged
– Bulk storage Vitamins storage
– Silos – Temperature
– Light
Meal storage – Humidity
– Bagged
RAW MATERIAL QUALITY CONTROL
STORAGE
Requirements
Concrete Floors
Well Ventilated
Rain & leak Proof Roofs & Walls
SILOS
Aeration
Uniform Temperature
Inter-bin transfer
Grain Storage
Management
Main process of the
“Quality Management System”
Requirement of all Industrial Standards and Food and Safety
Laws
– HACCP
– Hazard analysis and critical control points
– ISO 22000 International Organization for Standardization
– GSP (Good Storage Practices)
RAW MATERIAL Storage
Producer/ Farmer
Merchandiser/ Middle-man
Government
Feed Mill / Flour Mill
Scope of storage can be different for
them, but objective should be the
same.
Preserving Value
Preserving Utility
Grain Storage
Management System
“Creating and maintaining a storage
environment that enables grain to be
stored without significant quality
degradation”.
Enemies of Grain Quality
Insects
Moisture
Heat
Molds
Friends of Grain Quality
Selection
Grain cleaning
Sanitation Short-chain VFAs
Aeration
Chemicals No residues
Maintenance
Reduce PH
How to Store ?
Traditional System
– Bags – Warehouse
Advanced System
– Silos
Traditional System’s
Insufficiency
Material Handling Reasons.
– Increased Volumes
– Labor shortage
Regulatory Reasons.
– Industrial Standards
– Regulatory standards
Economical Reasons.
– Cost of bags
– Cost of warehouse
Establishing a good Grain Storage Management System
is relatively difficult
Grain Storage Silos
Types
– Concrete silo
– Steel Silo
Recent Trend
From concrete...
…to steel.
Why Steel Silos
Economical than concrete.
– Designing
– Construction
Ease of installation.
Resale or Change of place
Feature of Steel Silo
Silo loading system
Silo Un-loading System
– Sweep augers
– Side draw
Temperature monitoring system
Aeration system
Fumigation
Level indicators
Inside/out side ladders
‘SCALPERATOR’
PRE-CLEANER
(CLOSED CIRCUIT)
(2) 45-01234 SILO HIGH LEVEL
TRUCK/BAG INDICATION
LOADOUT
SILOS
17.2 M
85-07214 85-07214 85-07214 85-07214 Delete this silo
11.43 M
BAGGING D=21.95 M
STATION
APPR. 1.500 MM
STEMWALL
TRUCK
EXIT SILO AERATION
FANS
26.000 M
TRUCK
ENTRANCE
3 x 25.00 M
GRAIN STORAGE FACILITY
GRAIN STORAGE FOR 30,000 MT WHEAT
IN (8) SILOS, 3,800 MT STORAGE EACH
RECEIVING CAPACITY 150 MT/H
Grain Storage Silos
Flooring
Outside Ladder
Quick Access Doors
One ring access
(30” X 41½”)
– Two tier walk
(26” X 61½”)
Larger Access Doors
6’X7’ Drive in Door
7’X7’ Drive in
Door
12’X12’ Drive
in Door
Sampling & Receiving
Truck receiving station
Grain sampling
Truck tipping Rail loading station (bulk)
Selection
Selection
Cleaning
Receiving
Loading
Distribute
“fines”
– Gravity
– No density
separation
Information
Temperature Cable System
Temperature Monitoring
Why to Aerate Grain?
To condition dry grain
Conditioned grain
– Less mold/fungi growth
– Less insect activity
– Managed moisture
– Managed heat
Improve chances of successful storage
Why Aerate Grain?
Grain condition can
– never be improved
– can only be maintained
Why Aerate Grain?
Because grain is alive
– If planted, it will grow
Why Aerate Grain?
Living grain
– Breathes air
– Releases
moisture
Aeration equalizes
moisture
Aeration equalizes
temperature
Why Aerate Grain?
Mold and fungi always present
Spoilage created by
– Mold & fungi
– Heat
– Moisture
Control insect environment
Silo Aeration System
Roof Vents
Elbow
Mushroom
Aeration System
Aeration Front
Aeration Front
Temperature Cable System
Cooling Front
Temperature Cable System
Cooling Front
Moisture - Temperature - Storage Capability
ºC ºF
40
Insects
Temperature
30
20
Fungi
10
Moisture
Fumigation
Close / seal vent
Seal
Sealable Eaves
Recirculation System
Fumigation
Fan
Aeration Fan
Silo Unloading
Unloading System
Center Well
Intermediate
Wells
Center unloading
Side Draw Silo Unloading
Unloading
Unloading
SWEEP AUGER
Traditional Drying
HiTech Feeds
Lahore
Grain Dryer
Successful Grain Storage
