Specific Objectives Basics of Geometry

• Define and explain what an angle is

• Identify the steps on how to find the
measure angles
• Categorize angle according to measure
 Basics of Geometry
Angles
Rays are important because they help us define something very
important in geometry…Angles!
An angle consists of two different rays that have the same initial
point. The rays are sides of the angles. The initial point is called the
vertex. Notation: We denote an angle with
three points and  symbol. The
vertex B middle point is always the vertex.
We can also name the angle with
sides just the vertex point. This angle can
A be denoted as:

C BAC , CAB, or A
Angles Basics of Geometry

Figure Vertex Sides Name

1. Using three points and 
symbol. The middle point is
always the vertex DEF or
FED
E ሬ
ሬሬ
ሬ
𝐸𝐷ሬԦ and 𝐸𝐹
ሬ
ሬሬ
ሬ
ሬԦ
2. Using the vertex point E
Angles Basics of Geometry

1. If there are two or more

angles at the vertex, then
use three letters to name the
angle.
ሬ
ሬሬሬ
ሬሬሬԦ, a. XWY or 1
W 𝑊𝑋
b. XWZ
ሬ
ሬ
ሬሬ
ሬ
𝑊𝑌ሬ
ሬԦ,and ሬ ሬሬሬሬሬԦ
𝑊𝑍 C. YWZ or 2
 Angles Basics of Geometry

An angle separates a plane into three sets: the points on

the angle, the interior of the angle, and the exterior of the angle.

Example:
A
Q
In the figure, points T  S
and S are on ABC. Point P is Exterior Interior
P
in the interior and points Q B   
and R are in the exterior of the T C
R
angle. Exterior
 Angle Measure
A protractor is used in measuring angles with degrees as the unit of
measurement. Place the center mark on the vertex and then place
the 0 degree mark on one side of the angle. Read the other number
where the other side crosses this scale.
 Angle Measure
Once the measure of an angle is known, the angle can be classified
as one of three types of angles. These types are defined in relation
to a right angle.
Types of Angles

A A A

obtuse angle right angle acute angle

90 < m A < 180 m A = 90 0 < m A < 90
 Basics of Geometry

Classifying Angles
Angles are classified as acute, right, obtuse, and straight,
according to their measures. Angles have measures greater
than 0° and less or equal to 180°.

A A A A
Acute angle Right angle Obtuse angle Straight angle
0°< m  A < 90° m  A = 90° 90°< m  A < 180° m  A = 180°
 Angle Measure
Classify each angle as acute, obtuse, or right.

110°

40°
90°

Obtuse Right Acute

50°

130° 75°

Acute Obtuse Acute

 Basics of Geometry

Let’s Summarize…
 An angle is the union of two non-collinear rays with a common endpoint.
 An angle separates the plane into three sets: the points in the interior of
the angle, the points in the exterior of the angle and the points on the angle
itself.
 A protractor is used to measure an angle in degrees.
 An angle with a measure greater than 0 but les than 90 is an acute angle.
 An angle with a measure of 90 is a right angle.
 An angle with a measure greater than 90 but less than 180 is an obtuse
angle.
 ANGLE PAIR
RELATIONSHIPS
 Specific Objectives Basics of Geometry

• Identify the different angle pairs using a

model
• Enumerate the different kinds of angle
pairs
• Solve mathematical problems involving
angle pairs
 Adjacent Angles
Adjacent angles are angles that:
A) share a common side
B) have the same vertex, and
C) have no interior points in common
Definition of
Adjacent J
Angles

1 and 2 are adjacent

2 M
R
1
with the same vertex R and
common side RM
N
 Adjacent Angles

When you “split” an angle, you create two angles.

The two angles are called A

_____________
adjacent angles

adjacent = next to, joining. 2 D

B
1

C
1 and 2 are examples of adjacent angles.
They share a common ray.

BD
Name the ray that 1 and 2 have in common. ____
 Adjacent Angles
Determine whether 1 and 2 are adjacent angles.

No. They have a common vertex B, but

no common side
_____________
1 2

Yes. They have the same vertex G and a

1
2 common side with no interior points in
G
common.

N No. They do not have a common vertex or

L
1
a common side
____________
J
2
LN
The side of 1 is ____
JN
The side of 2 is ____
 Linear Pairs of Angles
Two angles form a linear pair if and only if (iff):
A) they are adjacent and
B) their noncommon sides are opposite rays

A B D

1 2
Definition of
Linear Pairs
C 1 and 2 are a linear pair.

BA and BD form AD
1  2  180
 Linear Pairs of Angles
In the figure, CM and CEare opposite rays.
H
1) Name the angle that forms a
T
linear pair with 1.
ACE A 2
3 4 E
1
C
ACE and 1 have a common side CA
M
the same vertex C, and opposite rays
CM CE
and

Do 3 and TCM form a linear pair? Justify your answer.

No. Their noncommon sides are not opposite rays.
 Adjacent Angles and Linear Pairs of Angles
Determine whether 1 and 2 are adjacent angles.

No.
1 2

Yes.

1 2
X D Z

n this example, the noncommon sides of the adjacent angles form a

straight line
___________.
linear pair
These angles are called a _________
 Complementary and Supplementary Angles
Two angles are complementary if and only if (iff)
The sum of their degree measure is 90.

A D 60°

Definition of 30° F
B
Complementary C
Angles

mABC + mDEF = 30 + 60 = 90
Complementary and Supplementary Angles
If the sum of the measure of two angles is 180, they form a
special pair of angles called supplementary angles.

Two angles are supplementary if and only if (iff) the

sum of their degree measure is 180.
D
C

Definition of 130°
50°
Supplementary B E F
A
Angles

mABC + mDEF = 50 + 130 = 180

Complementary and Supplementary Angles
If two angles are complementary, each angle is a
complement of the other.

ABC is the complement of DEF and DEF is the

complement of ABC.
E
A
D 60°
30°
B
C F

Complementary angles DO NOT need to have a common side

or even the same vertex.
 Complementary and Supplementary Angles
Some examples of complementary angles are shown below.

I
75°
H
15° mH + mI = 90

P
Q
40°
50°
mPHQ + mQHS = 90
H S

U
V
T 60°
30°
mTZU + mVZW = 90
Z W
 Complementary and Supplementary Angles
Some examples of supplementary angles are shown below.

I
75°
H
105° mH + mI = 180

130° 50° mPHQ + mQHS = 180

P H S

U
V mTZU + mUZV = 180
60° and
120° 60°
Z mTZU + mVZW = 180
W
T
 Congruent Angles

measure
Recall that congruent segments have the same ________.

Congruent angles
_______________ also have the same measure.
 Congruent Angles
Two angles are congruent iff, they have the same
degree measure
______________.
Definition of
Congruent B  V iff
Angles
50° mB = mV
50°
B
V
 Congruent Angles
To show that 1 is congruent to 2, we use ____.
arcs

1 2

To show that there is a second set of congruent angles, X and Z,

we use double arcs.

This “arc” notation states that:

X  Z
mX = mZ
X Z
 Vertical Angles

When two lines intersect, ____

fourangles are formed.

There are two pair of nonadjacent angles.

vertical angles
These pairs are called _____________.

1
4 2
3
 Vertical Angles

Two angles are vertical iff they are two

nonadjacent angles formed by a pair of
intersecting lines.
Definition of Vertical angles:
Vertical
Angles 1 and 3
1
4 2
3 2 and 4
 Vertical Angles

Vertical angles are congruent.

Theorem 3-1 n
m 2
Vertical 1  3
1 3
Angle
Theorem 4 2  4
 Vertical Angles

Find the value of x in the figure:

The angles are vertical angles.

130°
So, the value of x is 130°.
x°
 Vertical Angles

Find the value of x in the figure:

The angles are vertical angles.

(x – 10)° (x – 10) = 125.
x – 10 = 125.
125°
x = 135.
 Congruent Angles
Suppose A  B and mA = 52.
Find the measure of an angle that is supplementary to B.

52° 1
A
B

B + 1 = 180
1 = 180 – B
1 = 180 – 52
1 = 128°
 Try this!
G
D
1
2
1) If m1 = 12x + 3 and the A 4 B C
m3 = 3x + 30, then find the 3

m3 E
H
x = 3; 3 = 39°
2) If mABD = 4x + 5 and the mDBC = 2x +
1, then find the mEBC
x = 29; EBC = 121°

3) If m1 = 4x - 13 and the m3 = 2x + 19, then find the m4

x = 16; 4 = 39°

4) If mEBG = 7x + 11 and the mEBH = 2x + 7, then find the m1

x = 18; 1 = 43°