Project Funded by NH Industrial Research Center January 2002- Present
Snatching Victory from the Jaws of Defeat : The Bio-Oil Research BioTeam at UNH
UNH TEAM:
Dr. Ihab Farag
Christopher Barrett Caitlin LaClair
Coatings, Composites & Green Chemistry Workshops and Poster Sessions, MUB Strafford Rm, UNH, Durham, NH , June 5, 2002
Bleak Horizons
Closing of the BerlinGorham paper mills Faltering wood chip electric plant Many left unemployed Excess low grade wood in NH
BioBio-Oil:Promise of the Future
Uses Low Quality Excess
Wood
Produced by Fast Pyrolysis. Dynamotive Yield 60-80 wt% Viscous dark oil (looks like
espresso coffee).
HV = 7,500 Btu/lb (about half
of #2 fuel Oil HV).
Environmental Considerations
Why look to Bio-Oil Vs. BioWood or Fuel?
No SOx Emissions CO2 Neutral No HG or Dioxin emission 50% lower NOx emissions than diesel fuel.
Renewable and Locally Produced
CO2 credit / Alternative fuel credit Storage and Transportation Additional Products (green chemicals)
Northern NH Economy
Why NH North Country?
NH Forest-based industry employ more 11,500 person, and generate $3.9 B in goods and service. Wood, water, and labor are available. Opportunity to introduce Bio-Oil technology
Coos County
Carroll County
Partnering for Success
Collaborate with stakeholders to investigate production of Bio-Oil in NH. Bio UNH Bio-Oil, PSNH, BioNH DRED, US DOE, BEDCO, IRC, ECS, SBDC, USDA Forest Service, and UNH cooperative extension
Goals of the UNH Bio-Oil Team Bio Study the economic, social environmental, and technical aspects of Bio-Oil Production. Bio Research Markets for Bio-Oil. Bio Educate local communities about Bio-Oil. Bio-
Fast Pyrolysis Products
Bio-Oil
Heating, power generation, green chemicals stock Other end uses are being explored.
Char
Energy Source Charcoal briquettes
Non-Condensable Gases
Recycled to provide heat for pyrolysis and drying.
Pyrolysis Process Diagram
Recycled non-condensable gases Quencher
Wood Chip Feed Wood Grinding Wood Chip Drying Char collector Bio-Oil Storage Unit
Pyrolysis Reactor
Challenges of Fast Pyrolysis to Produce Bio-Oil Bio Drying of Bio-mass Small particle size necessary Reactor Scale-up Secondary Cracking Coaly matter separation Liquid gathering
BioBio-Oil: Other Incentives
The HB 284-FN- Bill (NH Clean Power Act)
75% lower S02 emissions; 70% lower NOxemissions; 75% lower Hg emissions; 7% lower than 1990 C02 emissions By 2007. Rural Development Economic Recovery Forest Products Conservation Wood in Transportation Forest Land Enhancement Programs (FLEP) Sustainable Forestry Outreach Initiative Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) Environmental Action Programs (EAP)
Environmental Action Programs (EAP)
Farm Bill 2002-The Forestry Title [Link]/pic/farmbill
BioBio-Oil Progress
Independent Preliminary Economic Analysis by UNH Consistent with studies by Cole Hill and Associates. On-going Research of technical and environmental impacts and issues. Market Feasibility of Bio-Oil End Users
BioBio-Oil Markets on the Horizon
Cog RW Locomotives
Research Feasibility of Replacing Coal
Coal Dust Suppression
Dust Suppression
Paving Applications
Exploring Bio-Oil as
and Btu Enhancement for Coal Piles. .
environmentally- friendly substitution in Paving Applications.
Areas Currently Being Researched
Storage and longevity Low pH/ high acidity Immiscibility with non-aqueous nonliquids Combustion/Co-Firing Combustion/Co Market Feasibility
Composition & Properties
Storage Stability Problems- viscosity
increases with time.
Concentrations wt% Water Methanol Insolvable Solids & Lignin Cellubiosan Glyoxal Hydroxyacetaldehyde Levoglucosan Formaldehyde Formic Acid Acetic Acid Acetol Pine/Spruce 53 / 47 ww/bark 23.4 24.9 1.9 1.9 10.2 6.3 3 3.7 4.2 4.8
Combustion Problems Associated with Aging- particulate
size increases because of polymerization reactions in heated bio-oil causing equipment clogs or frequent filter changes.
From [Link]
Storage Effect on Bio-Oil Viscosity Bio-
Estimated Operational Cost of BioBio-Oil Facility
2% Utilities, production Maintenance Supplies & Services Property Taxes 6% 6% 4% 5% Utilities, other
16%
Payroll
61% Purchasing Wood
NH Fuel Cost Comparison
Fuel Type Cost per Unit BTU per Unit Heating System Efficiency Cost per 100,000 BTU
Oil
Kerosene Propane Natural Electric Wood Gas $1.116 $1.468 $1.414 $0.700 $0.104 $185
per gal per gal per gal per gal per gal per therm per kWh per kWh per cord per cord
Cole-Hill Bio-Oil $0.40
per gal per gal
138,000 134,000 80% $1.01 80% $1.37
91,000 100,000
per gal per therm
3412 24,000,000 70,503 100% $3.06 60% $1.28 80% $0.71
80% $1.94
80% $0.87
io il Fuel Type Moisture Content of Wood Plant Size Base Cost per Unit
BTU per Unit Heating System Efficiency Cost per 100,000 BTU
25% 35% 55% 25% 35% 55% 50 tpd 50 tpd 50 tpd 400 tpd 400 tpd 400 tpd $ 0.55 $ 0.67 $ 1.06 $ 0.50 $ 0.61 $ 0.98
per gal per gal per gal per gal per gal per gal
70,503
per gal
80% $0.98
$1.19
$1.88
$0.89
$1.08
$1.74
The values for Cole Hill Associates analysis was done in conjuncture with DynaMotive and is a base price.
Size of Plant vs. Production cost per gal Bio-Oil Bio 1.10 1.00 0.90 $/gal 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 50 100 150 200 250 Tons Per Day Woodchips 300 350 400
55% moisture content
35% moisture content
25% moisture content
Future Bio-Oil Considerations Bio Chemical feed stock Mixture with diesel Retrofitting of fuel burning equipment Emulsion of Bio-Oil and Fuel Oil Greener pavings Replacing Creosotes in utility poles Industrial Boilers and Kiln Market
Acknowledgements
Henry Mullaney, IRC Ron Tetu, PSNH Dennis Cote, BEDCO Arthur Greenberg, CEPS Craig Wright, DES Michelle Andy, DES Gerald Stewart, Cole Hill Associates
References
[Link] [Link]. The Review of Modern Tehcnologies of the Production of Liquid Fuel from Biomass using Fast Pyrolysis. June 12, 2000. Bridgewater, Prof. Tony. A Guide to Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Fuels and Chemicals. PyNe Guide 1. March 1999. Cost Analysis Assumptions based also based on Patent 5,853,548 NH Department of Resources and Economic Development. Identifying and Implementing Alternatives to Sustain the WoodFired Electricity Generating Industry in New Hampshire. January 2002 J.P. Diebold. A Review of the Chemical and Physical Mechanisms of the Storage Stability of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oils. Thermalchemie, Inc. Lakewood, Colorado. January 2000. [Link]
UNH Bio-Oil Team Contacts
Ihab Farag, UNH ph: 1-603-862-2313 [Link]@[Link] Christopher Barrett ph: 1-603-862-4395 cbarrett@[Link] Caitlin LaClair ph: 1-603-862-4395 claclair@[Link]
Chemical Engineering Dept, University of New Hampshire 255 Kingsbury Hall, Durham, NH 03824-3591, USA, fax: 603-862-3747
