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3-Differential Circuit Amplifiers

1. The document discusses the principles of differential amplifiers, including single-ended, double-ended, and common-ended configurations. 2. It derives the equations for calculating the AC voltage gains of these configurations, using examples to show how to calculate DC voltages/currents and single-ended AC voltage gain. 3. The key aspects are determining DC bias points, deriving the single-ended AC voltage gain equation, and working through an example calculation.

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Prince Kratos
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317 views13 pages

3-Differential Circuit Amplifiers

1. The document discusses the principles of differential amplifiers, including single-ended, double-ended, and common-ended configurations. 2. It derives the equations for calculating the AC voltage gains of these configurations, using examples to show how to calculate DC voltages/currents and single-ended AC voltage gain. 3. The key aspects are determining DC bias points, deriving the single-ended AC voltage gain equation, and working through an example calculation.

Uploaded by

Prince Kratos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differential Circuit

Amplifiers
Dr. Nelson C. Rodelas, PCpE
Learning Outcome
At the end of the presentation, the student should be able to:
1. Discuss the principles in solving single-ended, double-ended and
common-ended AC voltage gains.
2. Derive the equations involved for the AC voltage gains of single-
ended, double-ended and common-ended connected amplifiers
3. Solve relevant problems related to the said topic.
Introduction
• The differential amplifier circuit is an extremely popular connection
used in IC units.

A number of input signal combinations are possible:


If an input signal is applied to either input with the
other input connected to ground, the operation is
referred to as “single-ended.”

If two opposite-polarity input signals are applied,


the operation is referred to as “double-ended.”

If the same input is applied to both inputs, the


operation is called “common-mode.”
Differential Amplifier
• The main feature of the differential amplifier is the very large gain
when opposite signals are applied to the inputs as compared to the
very small gain resulting from common inputs. The ratio of this
difference gain to the common gain is called common-mode rejection.
DC Bias
• Let’s first consider the dc bias operation of the circuit below
The emitter dc bias current is then

Assuming that the transistors are well matched (as would


occur in an IC unit), we obtain

resulting in a collector voltage of


Example
• Calculate the dc voltages and currents in the circuit
Solve for

Solve for

Solve for the collector Voltage

The common-emitter voltage is thus −0.7 V, whereas


the collector bias voltage is near 4.1 V for both
outputs.
AC Operation of Circuit
• Separate input signals are applied as and , with separate outputs
resulting as and .

AC equivalent of
AC connection of differential amplifier
differential amplifier circuit
Single-Ended AC Voltage Gain

single-ended differential amplifier AC equivalent single-ended differential amplifier


Single-Ended AC Voltage Gain
If one assumes that the two transistors are well matched, then

RE very large (ideally infinite), the circuit for obtaining the KVL
equation simplifies to
Single-Ended AC Voltage Gain
If we also assume that

and the output voltage magnitude at either collector is

Where:
𝐾𝑇 26 𝑚𝑉 is Boltzman’s constant 1.38 x 10-23 joules/K
𝑟 𝑒= =
𝑞 𝐼𝐸 𝐼𝐸 is absolute temperature in Kelvin (K=273 + oC)
is electronic charge 1.602 x 10-19 coulombs
Sample Problem 1
Calculate the single-ended output voltage and the voltage gain
26 𝑚𝑉
𝑟 𝑒=
𝐼𝐸

𝐼𝐶 𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − 𝐼 𝑐 𝑅 𝑐 −𝑉 𝑜 =0
𝐼 𝑐 =𝐼 𝐵 𝛽

𝐼 𝐸 =( 𝛽+1) 𝐼 𝐵

𝐼𝐸
𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − ( )
𝐼𝐸
2
𝑅 𝑐 −𝑉 𝑜 =0

( )
𝐼 𝑐= 𝛽 𝐼𝐸
𝛽+1
𝑉 𝑜=𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑅𝑐
𝐼𝐸 2
𝐼𝑐≅ 𝐼 𝐸
Sample Problem 1
0 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉 − 𝐼 𝐸 𝑅 𝐸 − (− 9 𝑉 )=0

9 𝑉 − 0.7 𝑉
𝐼 𝐸= 3
=193 𝜇 𝐴
43 ×10

𝑉 𝑐𝑐 − 𝐼 𝑐 𝑅 𝑐 −𝑉 𝑜 =0
9 𝑉 −(96.5 × 10−6 𝐴 )(47 × 103 Ω )−𝑉 𝑜 =0

𝑉 𝑜= 9𝑉 −(96.5 ×10− 6 𝐴)( 47 ×103 Ω)


𝑉 𝑜=4.5 𝑉
Sample Problem 1
26 𝑚𝑉
𝑟 𝑒=
𝐼𝐸
𝐼 𝐸 =193 𝜇 𝐴

26 𝑚𝑉
𝑟 𝑒= −6
=269 Ω
193 ×10 𝐴

47 ×10 3
𝐴𝑣= =87.4
2(269 Ω )

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