WRITING-LESSON 7

PRACTICE SESSION
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Lesson’s focus
✘ How to make an effective outline for
a paragraph
✘ How to develop ideas logically
Making an effective outline
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GENERAL OUTLINE
Topic sentence
- Main idea 1
+ Detail 1 (supporting sentence 1)
+ Detail 2 (supporting sentence 2)
- Main idea 2
+ Detail 1 (supporting sentence 1)
+ Detail 2 (supporting sentence 2)
Concluding sentence
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MIND-MAP
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✘ Can you use a mind-map to illustrate the

What are the causes of road accident?

Traffic accidents are caused by three factors. One of the main reasons of traffic
accidents is careless drivers. Some drivers ignore the traffic rules such as traffic
lights and other warning signals. In addition, some drivers drink alcohol while or
before driving. Another factor that lead to traffic accidents is weather conditions.
Drivers tend to lose the control of the car on icy, wet, or slippery roads and this
gives rise to unwanted accidents. Finally, traffic accidents also happen as a result of
too many vehicles in the street. In some countries, roads are quite small, and there
is no lane to separate different means of transports. Consequently, it is difficult for
vehicles to avoid each other, and collisions often take place. In short, careless
drivers, weather conditions, and the huge number of vehicles in the street are the
reasons for traffic accidents.
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What are the causes of road accident?

Traffic accidents are caused by three factors. One of the main reasons of traffic
accidents is careless drivers. Some drivers ignore the traffic rules such as traffic
lights and other warning signals. In addition, some drivers drink alcohol while or
before driving. Another factor that lead to traffic accidents is weather conditions.
Drivers tend to lose the control of the car on icy, wet, or slippery roads and this
gives rise to (= leads to) unwanted accidents. Finally, traffic accidents
also happen as a result of too many vehicles in the street. In some countries, roads
are quite small, and there is no lane to separate different means of transports.
Consequently, it is difficult for vehicles to avoid each other, and collisions often
take place. In short, careless drivers, weather conditions, and the huge number of
vehicles in the street are the reasons for traffic accidents.
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What are the causes of road accidents?

Traffic accidents are caused by three factors. One of the main reasons of traffic
accidents is careless drivers. Some drivers ignore the traffic rules such as traffic
lights and other warning signals. In addition, some drivers drink alcohol while or
before driving. Another factor that lead to traffic accidents is weather conditions.
Drivers tend to lose the control of the car on icy, wet, or slippery roads and this
gives rise to (lead to/result in) unwanted accidents. Finally, traffic accidents
also happen as a result of too many vehicles in the street. In some countries, roads
are quite small, and there is no lane to separate different means of transports.
Consequently, it is difficult for vehicles to avoid each other, and collisions often
take place. In short, careless drivers, weather conditions, and the huge number of
vehicles in the street are the reasons for traffic accidents.
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What are the causes of road accident?

Traffic accidents are caused by three factors. One of the main reasons of traffic
accidents is careless drivers. Some drivers ignore the traffic rules such as traffic
lights and other warning signals. In addition, some drivers drink alcohol while or
before driving. Another factor that lead to traffic accidents is weather conditions.
Drivers tend to lose the control of the car on icy, wet, or slippery roads and this
gives rise to (lead to/ result in) unwanted accidents. Finally, traffic accidents also
happen as a result of too many vehicles in the street. In some countries, roads are
quite small, and there is no lane to separate different means of transports.
Consequently, it is difficult for vehicles to avoid each other, and collisions often
take place. In short, careless drivers, weather conditions, and the huge number of
vehicles in the street are the reasons for traffic accidents.
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PRACTICE
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Brainstorm ideas to answer the following question,

What are the causes of water pollution in your

EXAMPLE
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The problem of water pollution is caused by two factors. The first contributing factor
is the lack of awareness of citizens. In fact, many people have dumped household waste
into rivers in the neighborhood. This leads to a large amount of garbage such as plastic
bags or animals’ corpses which/that floats on the water surface and causes offensive
smell. Another reason is from activities of factories. During operation, those factories
have discharged chemical pollutants into lakes and the ocean. Consequently, the water
sources are contaminated and even poisoned, and this has given rise to human health
problems and the death of many aquatic animals. In short, water pollution is caused by
both individuals and organizations.
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Proofreading
- Does your sentence have a subject
and verb?
- Are nouns in correct forms?
- Has the vocabulary you are using
been checked in dictionary or you
just make it up?
- Is there any sentence that doesn’t
sound right?
- Is there any point that can be
improved?
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THE END