MATERIALS ,

PRINCIPLES AND

APPLICATIONS
BY: SRISHTI , YUKTI , ADITYA
, BHAVESH
INDE  Introduction
 Benefits
X  Reasons
 Properties
 Sizes
 Form
 Price
 Hard and Soft wood
 Types
 Uses and properties
 Joinery
 Cutting
 Ceiling
 Flooring
 Furniture
 Finishes
 Samples
 INTRODUCTION

Wood is used in interiors asasurface material for walls, ceilings and floors, furniture,
stairs, windows and doors, in features and decorations, etc.
Wood can be used virtually everywhere – inside and out – asadesign element to
complement anystyle.
 Wood is ahard-fibrous material forming the trunk and branches of trees or shrubs.
 There are manystructural and non-structural applications of the wood used in
construction.
 It is a widely preferred material when it comes to building houses, shelters, and boats.
 BENEFITSOFWOOD IN
NOTE:
• CONSTRUCTION
Woodis anatural material that’s easyto work upon, widely available in huge quantities, Thetensile strength of the wood is parallel to the grain
and has several varieties. Each type of wood can be used for specific purposes. depends upon the strength of the fibers and is
affected not only nature and dimensions of the wood
• It is lightweight and sturdy, Further, it is available in avariety of patterns and
looks natural. element but also by their arrangement.
• Thematerial has been used sinceancient times. Therefore, skilled workers
Compressive or crushing strength is very closely
who have
related to hardness and transverse shear.
adequate knowledge about the different types of wood are easily available
globally.
There are 2 ways in which wood is subjected to
• Woodretains its thermal properties. Thus,it is highly resistant to high stress this kind namely with the load acting over the
temperatures. entire area of the specimen and with the load
• It can absorb sound and echo, making it afavorite material for the concentrated over aportion of a area.
construction of offices and residential structures.
• Woodis abad conductor of electric [Link], it’s perfect
to provide insulation to a living or working area.
• Wooden houses are inexpensive to build and extend
and enjoy low
running andmaintenance costs over along period of time.
However,
this also depends on the availability of wood in the local
area.
• Woodpaneling is particularly popular for ceilings, covering irregularities,
minimizing maintenance, and simplifying the fitting of lighting and the
ventilationsystem.
 1. Eco-friendly
Why • Wood is far less harmful than most other decor materials or elements. Processing
of wood releases much fewer carbon emissions which can be otherwise harmful
wood ?? to your health. Thus, wood in interiors will ensure rapid cooling and heating of
the space. It also absorbs noise (making your interiors conducive) and
atmospheric carbon, making the space much healthier.
• Wood is available in a vast array of colours, tones
and types to achieve the style you want in the
best
2. manner. From wooden furniture and accessories to walls
Durability
• Wood is one of the most durable materials out there, making it and floors, wood can be crafted in endless ways.
a favourite amongst home designers. It saves on time, effort
and money in the long run, which would have otherwise
been involved in frequent renovation, repair or replacement
work of the interior. If properly maintained and taken care of,
wood can last numerous years. It's easier than ever to
maintain wood now with certain latest wood preservative
methods.

3. Aesthetic adaptability •Wood undoubtedly is the most popular

• Wood to be the most versatile material when it comes to visuals. interior design material and will continue to
remain so in future. wood is a timeless material
It is not only easy to work with and design but also can be used that can help you achieve the interior design of
in different ways to achieve different levels of aesthetic charm, your dreams.
and the level of warmth and earthiness it adds into a space (hats
off!). It can even be painted, sculpted or stained to add a
stunning edge to your space. From simple furnishings to • Wood is one of the cheapest materials available out there to be used in
spectacular ornate walls and floors, wood is the dream material
of many home designers. Whenused the right way, wood can interior design. While there are other cheap materials available, nothing
completely transform a place. brings out the best aesthetics of space better than natural wood the wood
interior design brings out the most beautiful and gorgeous side of a space.
 PRO PE RT I E S O F WO O D

PHYSICAL
Sound –
lusture color texture moisture odor Shrinkag density electro
e thermal
conductivity

CHEMICA
L
0.1-0.3 of
49% of carbon 44% of oxygen 6% of hydrogen Ability to flammability acidity reactivity
nitrogen
rust

MECHANICAL
strength toughness hardness elasticity ductilit brittleness plasticit
malleability y y
FORMSOFWOODAVAILABLEINMARKET

• Log
• Trunk, Stem or wooden axis of atree is cut, and then it is known as alog. It can be converted
and used as firewood and lumber, etc.

• Deal
• Deal is atype of softwood, usualy obtained from Scott pine trees, sawn with parallel sides of
thickness 2 inches to 4 inches, and of width 9 inches to 11 inches

• Baulk
• Baulk is a piece of timber obtained by removing the bark and sapwood,
which
looks roughly square-shaped. The cross-sectional dimensions are usual y more than 50 mm
on one side and more than 200 mm on the other side.

• Plank
• It is along timber piece with parallel sides of width more than 50 mm and thickness less
than 50 mm.

Boards
• It is a plank of timber with parallel sides, thickness not exceeding 50 mm and width
exceeding 200 mm.
PRICEOFWOODIN
MARKET
HARDAND
SOFTWOOD
Characteristics Softwood Hardwood
Source Softwood is collected from conifer trees which are evergreen having needle- Hardwood is obtained from deciduous trees (loses leaves in autumn). They are
shaped leaves. these are generally gymnosperms. basically angiosperms.

Fibre Less dense, strait fiber is found. In case of hardwood, the fibers are quite close and dense.

Resin quality It is resinous wood contains good and regular texture and fragrant smell. Non-resinous woods have enough acid.

Weight Lightweight and softer than hardwood. Heavyweight and harder than softwood.

Colour Softwood is light in color. Normally these are dark colored woods.

Resistance to fire poorer than hardwood, burn at ahigh rate. better than softwood. Burn at avery slow rate.

Weather resistance If they are modified or treated then these may become resistant to whether having an Naturally resistant to whether having aless environmental impact.
environmental impact.

Duration Less durable wood. Hardwoods are highly durable and last for several decades.

Ring structure Distinct annual rings are found. Theannual rings are not distinct.

Medullary rays Indistinct medullary rays. Distinct medullary rays.

Growth rate Soft wood trees grow faster than hardwood trees. Thegrowth rate of this type of trees is slower.

Wood branching Creates more branch or shoots. Have fewershoots.

Tensile and shear strength Welltensile and comparatively weaker shear strength. Good tensile and shear strength.

Cost Less expensive. More expensive.

Uses Paper pulp, paper, solid wood products, Woodwares like homesand cabins and Generally flooring and furniture. Also used for papermaking.
also for furniture.

Workability Easier to carve. Difficult to curve.

Example Black willow (Salix nigra), Redwood (Sequoioideae sp). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum), Eucalyptus(Eucalyptus globulus).
 TYPES

SOFTWOO HARDWO
D OD

PINEWOOD FIRWOO CEDARWO MAPLEWO OAKWOO TEAKWOOD

D OD OD D
 PINEWOOD
1. is asoft, white or light-yellow wood which is light in weight
. [Link] resists shrinkage, swelling, and warping.
3. Pine is very easy to shape and stain.
4. Pine decays easily when it comes in contact with soil.
5. It grows in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere.

PROPERTIES-
Uses: [Link]/Grain : Pinewood has light colour, generally creamy white colour. Although it has shades
• It is used to makeall kinds of indoor and outdoor furniture. varying from very white to yellowish. Pinewood has unique grain with knots darker than the colour
of wood.
• It is also used to makeframes of doors and windows, flooring, and 2. Rot Resistance : Pinewood has low resistance to rot, but can be treated with chemicals to
paving materials. Knotty pine is often used for adecorative effect. make it moreresistant.

• It is also one of the sources of turpentine. [Link] Resistance : Pinewood has low resistance towards termite attack. Thus,for interior
furniture, it works well, but for exterior work, pinewood has to be treated.
• Pinewood finds its application in making doors, windows, partitions,
[Link] : Pinewood is very easy to work with, and finishes well with hand carved and machine
decks, tools. It is good for furniture with bends, and glues very easily. Due to its soft surface, pinewood takes
railings, paneling, wall cladding, interior trims, moulds, etc. nails and screws very well.

• Any species of pinewood can be used for making furniture. 5. Dimensional Stability : Pinewood is dimensionally stable unlike other types of wood. Pinewood
has resistancetowards shrinking and swelling when in dry or in humid atmosphere.
• Paperis usually made from pulp of pinewood.
[Link] : Pinewood is widely available and grows rapidly and hence is less expensive as compared to
other types of wood, like teak.
• Pinewood is also used in production of wood veneers and plywood .
 FIRWOOD
1. Firwood is also referred to as Douglas Fir.
2. Fir is straight grain and has a reddish-brown color.
[Link] is uniform in texture and non-resinous and has poor resistance to
decay. Fir is hard in comparison to other softwoods.
[Link] cannot be stained easily; hence, it’s generally used in the raw form or
as apainted surface. Fir is found in North and CentralAmerica, North Africa,
Europe, andAsia. In India, it is found in Himachal Pradesh.
PROPERTIESAND FEATURES
Chemical-free:yes, safety first. Douglas Fir Timber does not have anykind of chemicals to cause
any damage to the workers working in the construction.
Gloves, goggles are not required to avoid contact with harmful chemicals.
Uses: Food does not needto take special precautions to avoidchemicals.
[Link] is used for furniture, doors, frames, windows, plywood, veneer, general
millwork and interior trim. This is used for doors,door’s frames, window Moistureresistance:Wecan use it easily wherever we want. It does not absorb water like asponge
frames, beds, small and large tables and Almira. And it dries on-site in two weeks when there is moisture.

Strength andStiffness: Douglas-fir has superior strength and hardnessof pine. It is well suited for
[Link] poisonous chemicals are found in this wood. So Douglas Fir Timber is structural beams, trusses, boats, musical instruments, and roofs.
used to make vegetable cutting boards and kitchenplatforms.
Decayresistance:High resistance to decay when usedin wall framing and siding (but not suited to
3. Douglas Fir Woodis along-lasting wood species. So that we caneasily in-ground or heavy rainy outdoor conditions).
use this wood for flooring, which will last for centuries.
No harmfulsmoke:Douglas can burn fir wood without anyrisk. Becausethe burning of wood does
not release anyharmfulsmoke.
[Link] holds wood polish, paint, and glue well. Thesandpaper and polish give it a • Excellent strength and workability
rich wooden look. So that you can use this wood of wooden wall and indoor • Good machining qualities (turns, planes and shapeswell)
wooden art too. • Excellent screw holding and resistance to splitting
• Bonds well with arange of adhesives under arange of bonding conditions
• Excellent sanding, staining and painting properties
 MAPLEWOOD
1..Maple wood has afine texture with great strength.
[Link] is so hard and resistant to shocks that it is often used for constructing
pathways.
[Link] is resistant to splitting and is highly durable and easy to clean.
[Link] is found in Asia, North America, North Africa, Europe, and
Canada.
[Link] India, you can find maple trees in Ooty and other hilly regions. PROPERTIESAND FEATURES
Color/Appearance: Unlike most other hardwoods, the sapwood of hard maple lumber is most commonly
It yellows relatively quickly. Maple wood is incredibly strong, looks great, usedrather than its heartwood. Sapwood color ranges from nearly white, to an off-white cream color,
and stains nicely. Woodworkers and furniture aficionados gravitate towards sometimes with areddish or golden hue. Theheartwood tends to be adarker reddish brown. Birdseye maple
maple for its light, creamy color, smooth grain pattern, and impressive is afigure found most commonly in hard maple, though it’s also found less frequently in other species. Hard
durability. maple can also be seenwith curly or quilted grain patterns.

Grain/Texture: Grain is generally straight, but may be wavy. Has afine, even texture. Rot

Resistance: Rated as non-durable to perishable, and susceptible to insectattack.

Uses: Workability: Fairly easy to work with both hand and machine tools, though slightly more difficult than soft
It is extensively used in making household furniture like console maple due to hard maple’s higher density. Maple has atendency to burn when being machined with high-
speed cutters such as in arouter. Turns, glues, and finishes well, though blotches can occur when staining, and
tables, wall shelves, and bedside tables. apre-conditioner, gel stain, or toner may be necessary to get an evencolor.

Maple has acurly grain and is also used for the violin back. Flooring Odor: No characteristic
(from basketball courts and dance-floors to bowling alleys and odor.
residential), veneer, paper (pulpwood), musical instruments, cutting Allergies/Toxicity: Hard maple, along with other maples in the Acer genus have been reported to cause skin
irritation, runny nose, and asthma-like respiratory effects. Seethe articles WoodAllergies and Toxicity and
boards, butcher blocks, workbenches, baseball bats, and other
WoodDust Safety for more information.
turned objects and specialty wood items.
Pricing/Availability: Should be moderately priced, though slightly more expensive than soft maple. Also,
figured pieces such as birdseye, curl, or quilt are likely to be much more expensive.
 OAKWOO
D
1. Oakwood is one of the most widely used types of hardwood.
[Link] can be distinguished into two basic varieties: white and red.
[Link] red variety is also known as black oak (a reference to its bark).
4. It has a very distinct grain and finish.
[Link] is a heavy, strong, light-colored hardwood. PROPERTIESAND FEATURES
6. It is very easy to work on.
Color- Since it has many varities , the color also varies significantly . While white oak has
It has good resistance to moisture, fungus, and yeast. Oak is found in a beige- brownish hue, , red oak has adarker rosy color. Thecolor also darken with the age
different parts of America,Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Such types of but the change is usually too subtle to notice.
hardwood trees are found in the north-eastern parts of India.
Grain texture – Another property of oak wood is its texture, the grain of it is unique which
makes it rather easy to recognize .

Uses: Strength and resistance – Based on hardness it is considered one of the hardest woods. The
It is an excellent choice for household and office furniture like higher the janka ranking the harder the wood. In hardness, oak is superior even to walnut
bookshelves and cabinets. and cherry. Even the water resistance is another one of the major properties of oakwood. The
wood is durable and highly resistance to wear and tear insects and fungal infestations. Oak
wood furniture and construction have afairly long life and will not go to landfill anytime
It is also widely preferred for outdoor furniture. Due to its
soon ,also makes it eco-friendly.
moisture-
resistant property, it is also used in ships and boats.
Workability –boak is not only easy to recognise but also easy to work with, which is
another reasons why woodworkers around the world prefer this for furniture making. It
In modern times, interior decor experts are employing oak for flooring,
stains, finishes, glues and polishes well. The wood work easily with cutting tools and
timber-framed structures, and veneer production.
machinery. It can easily cut and spilt and is easy to use as a veneer. Because of its straight
grain ,nailing and screwing oak is also easy.
 Golden or Medium brown,
Wood Color Teak wood color dark over
time.
TEAKWOOD Southeast Asia and
Found at Latin America.
Teakwoodis one of the most popular types of hardwood. It is yellow to dark brown in color
Teak has great finishing
and is extremely heavy, strong, durable, weather-resistant, warp-resistant, and does not decay. The Finishing properties.
natural oils in teak make them termite and pest-resistant. Teakdoes not burn easily. It is quite It is easy to cut and shape.
expensive when compared to other wood types. It is generally found in central and southern Workability Great workability
properties.
India. It is also one of the most preferred types of wood for furniture in India.
Types Hardwood
It is easily available in
Availability Asia regions
Uses:
It is commonly used as astructural wood for wooden framed houses, doors, windows, and partitions. It is
an excellent choice for outdoor furniture like garden benches and lounge chairs. Most homeowners 1. Aesthetic Appeal
prefer teak for their indoor furniture like beds and wardrobes. It is also used in veneer production. Teakwood has great aesthetic appeal. Its rich golden brown attracts everyone and the
Outdoor andIndoor Furniture color darkens over time. Teakwood furniture also feels great to the smooth touch. This
Teakwood is popular in North America andAsia for wooden furniture projects. It is agreat choice for smoothness is achieved due to its natural oily surface.
outdoor furniture because It has high oil content, high tensile strength, and tight grain. Teak can withstand 2. Greatdecay Resistance
bad weather and can remain durable for many years with low maintenance. Teakwood naturally decays and is termites resistant. Its heartwood is rated as highly
If we talk about teak grain pattern and texture, which is very important for any furniture. No doubt, durable wood. Therefore teak wood is widely usedto makeboats and boatbodies.
Teakgives avery beautiful dark appearance with straight grain. Which attractseveryone. 3. Waterproof
Boat Building Teakhas ahigh oil content and extremely tight grains. Due to the natural oil on the
Tomake abetter boat, wood waterproofing and stability are very important. Aboat has to stay in surface of the wood, It does not allow moisture and water. So wood does not absorb
contact with salt water for along time. In this case, teak wood proves to be better. Teakwood has moisture.
been usedfor along time to build awaterproof boat. 4. HeavyandDenseWood
Teakhas arelatively low shrinkage ratio, So it changes very little even after exposure to water and Heavyand densewood is considered stronger and better.
sunlight for along time. It is agood choice of boatmaker due to its great properties. 5. Durability
Plywood Durability and stability are other great qualities of teak wood. Becauseof this, it is
Teakis used for plywood and decorative veneers. It is quite expensive but suitable for marine applications. being liked alot. Teakwood contains ahigh content of silica. Which protects the wood
Decorative veneers are mostly used for living rooms, office space, and gyms and spas. 100% natural from the effects of weather and insects. Theage of furniture madeof teak wood is
Burma Teakwood is used to maketeak ply. Teakplywood is more expensive than common plywood. about 80- 100 years, If it is taken care of regularly then it is durable for even
moreyears.
Theage of furniture madeof teak wood is about 80- 100 years. If it is taken care of
regularly then it is durable for even more years.
CEDARWOOD
Cedarwood is aknotty softwood that has ared-brown color with light lines. Cedar is soft as compared to other
softwoods. The wood texture is uniform and highly resistant to decay and insects. They are aromatic in nature.
In India, it is found in Kashmir andAssam. Cedar is not a wood of aparticular species. Rather cedar includes
many species of wood. More than 15 cedar species are available counted into the cedar families.
They are very close to each other and they differ in properties of color, hardness, and rot resistance. They are
used on the basis of their properties.

Uses:
It is one of the famous wood types usedfor lining drawers, chests, and boxes. Simple cases and storage
closets are also constructed from this wood. Wood Color Pinkish-red color to dark color
Clothes storage
It is widely usedfor clothing storage such as wardrobes, chests, and trunks. It is also naturally antibacterial and Tree Height Generally 130-160 ft. (50 m).
antifungal. So that it is agood option for clothes storage.
Native to the high altitude
Cladding mountains of the western
Found at
Cedar Lumber is widely usedfor Cladding applications. Cedarlumber has agood visual appearance and Himalayas and the Mediterranean
gives afine uniform texture. It is also strong. It is used to makeinterior and exteriorcladding. region.
Cedar is a softwood that is light in weight. Some think that softwood is weaker than heartwood but it is not 100%
true. Cedar is the best option for exterior cladding as it is a stable wood species. Western Red Cedar is famousfor Cedar oil, fencing, decking, siding,
Usesof Cedar boatbuilding, musical instruments,
cladding.
and many more.
Ceiling
For the production of the ceiling, paneling is pine, cedar,larch, oak, beech, mahogany, and [Link] these Finishing Cedar has good finishingqualities.
woods have good density. So it is better for the ceiling and roofing. It gives adark brown color from light
yellow. Theconstructor prefers using cedar to the ceiling. Becauseit is the most budget-friendly wood and It is easy to cut and shape.
Workability Great workability properties.
naturally rot-resistant wood.
Shingles
Types Softwood
The most commonly used wood on shingles today is western red cedar. Eastern white cedar is also a good option.
Cedar’s heartwood has good decay resistance. Being temperature resistant, it is perfect for Shingles. The effect of the Availability It is easily available in many regions
weather continues on it. So high-quality grade cedar shingles and wallaba shingles are the best option shingles.
It is extremely durable. Therefore it is
Durability usedfor Boat Making.
 JOINERIES IN WOOD
• Asthe term
suggested,Woodjoints
referto joining two or
morepieces of wood or
lumbertogetherthat
[Link]
craftsmanof ahobbyor a
professional, the sign of
yourskill is howgood
youareat makingwood
joinery, wherethe edgesof
two piecesblend
[Link] they
seemlike one piece.
TYPESOFWOODJOINTS
BUTT JOINT
• There is no more basic wood joinery than the butt joint.
• Abutt joint is nothing more than when one piece of
wood butts into another (most often at aright angle,
or squareto the other board) and is fastened using
mechanical fasteners.
• This type of joint is often usedin wall framingon
construction sites. • Abiscuit joint is amethod of joinery that involves
inserting a compressedwood chip (the biscuit) in
BISCUIT slots cut into two corresponding pieces of wood.
HALF LAP • Thehalf-lap joint is where half of each of the two JOINT • The oval-shaped biscuit resembles afootball, and when
JOINT boards being joined is removed so that the two placed into aglue-filled joint, it swells and locks the joint
boards join together flush with one another. in place.
• This type of wood joinery can obviously weaken • The slots the biscuits fit in are cut by apower tool
the strength of the two adjoining boards, but also called abiscuit joiner (also known asaplate joiner).
• This woodworking tool has asmall circular blade
is astronger joint than butt joints.
that plunges into aboard, leaving behind ahalf-
• There are anumber of projects where this type
moon- shaped slot. Whencarefully aligned, abiscuit
of wood joint is quite desirable, in spite of joiner allows for perfectly hidden joinery.
its drawbacks.
This is avery useful modern
• Themortise and tenon is aclassic wood joinery method. woodworking joint, particularly for
• Thesejoints have been usedsince the early times of HALFBLINDDOVETAIL creating table tops, relying on glue .
MORTISEAND woodworking, and arestill amongthe strongest and most
TENON elegant methods for joining wood. There are situations where adovetail joint is
• Mortise and tenon joints are strong and stable joints that the connection of choice, but both edges
can be usedin many projects. of the dovetails should not be visible.
• They furnish astrong outcome and connect by either Aperfect example is adrawer front, where
gluing or locking into place. you don't want to see the end of the
• Themortise and tenon joint also gives an attractive through dovetail on the face of the
look. drawer. For this type of joint, the best
• One drawback to this joint is the difficulty in making choice is ahalf-blind dovetail.
it because of the precise and tight cutting required.
 CUTTING OF WOOD

Cross-cutting saw blades are frequently used in sawmills to

cut timber, balks, and boards. Such machines are called
circular saws .
 CEILING
These are the pictures of my
room which has wooden
interior.

Wooden false ceilings and

walls are made up of hard
wood .

Teak wood is mainly used

for ceilings .

Tongue and groove joint: It

Material and tools used in wooden ceilings : is the joint which is used for
fitting similar objects together
-nail gun and nails , screw gun & screws edge to edge. It allows two flat
-tongue and groove clips pieces to be joined strongly
-wood ceiling planks together.
-level
-chalk line
-miter saw
-drill
FLOORING
PROCESS :
The entire area of ground below the floor is covered with a 15 cm.
layer of cement concrete.

This layer is called “site or oversite concrete”.

Timber floors essentially consist of boarding supported on timber

joists called bridging joists or floor joists which are nailed to wall
plates at their ends and supported by intermediate walls called
sleeper or dwarf walls, along their length.

The sleeper walls are generally 10cm. thick and are honey-combed.
They are intended to reduce the pan for the floor joists. The sleeper
walls are seldom spaced more than apart and are honey-combed to
enable free circulation of air in the space below the floor.

Longitudinal timber members called ‘sleeper plates’ are fixed on

the top of sleeper walls. The floor joists are secured to the sleeper
walls by being nailed to the sleeper wall plates.

A damp-proof course layer is laid immediately below the wall

plates to prevent the rising of dampness. The hollow space
between the flooring and the oversite concrete is kept dry and fully
ventilated.
FURNITURE ( MARKET SURVEY )

-One of the types of high-quality wood

used for making furniture is teak wood
as it is durable and highly fire-resistant.
- Mortise and Tenon Woodworking Joints
One of the strongest woodworking joints
is the mortise and tenon joint. This joint is
simple and strong. Woodworkers have
used it for many years.
FINISHES
SAMPLES

PINE WOOD TEAK WOOD

CONSTRUCTION DETAILING

Topic : Green Building

By: Srishti Aggarwal
 GREEN BUILDING -
THE ENERGY
RESEARCH
INSTITUTE(TERI)
BANGALORE

• GARDEN CITY
• CLIMATE : DRY TROPICAL SAVANNA
• LOCATION : 12.97o N 77.56 E
• TEMPERATURE :
• ALTITUDE : 920 M MEAN MAX MEAN MIN

• SUMMER - 35 C 20 C
GREEN COVER : 40%
WINTER - 28 C 14 C
 INTRODUCTION OF TERI

• Established in 1974.

• Project is designed to
house an office block with
workstations and a small
guest house attatched to it.

• Concerned with effective utilization of energy,

sustainable uses of natural resources , large
scale adoptation of renewable energy technology.
 BUILDING DETAILS AND ORIENTATION

Building details :
• Building has been divided into individual and common areas
• 75 intimate small spaces are provided for individual work
• common areas refer to the atriums, courts, nodes and
corridors meant for wider interaction. S
W E
N
Orientation
• Building is oriented along NE-SW direction.
• SW is the primary wind and light direction for bangalore.
• Along SW facade is a foul smelling drain. Hence entrance is towards NE direction.
• All window openings are in this direction.
• South wall is a double wall to provide insulation from southern sun.
 GREEN DESIGN TECHNIQUES

Photo voltaic cells are used to capture the sun energy thus
SUN
generating electrical energy for the various stations.

These photovoltaic cells have been arranged in line with

the primary ocrbit of the sun The sun’s energy is further used in
The panel are integrated with dynamic truss to optimize the the form of solar heaters which is
generation of energy. used to generate all the hot water
in the guest house.
 ventilation is enhanced by the use of solar
chimneys and vents. Starts pulling fresh air flow at body
level to provide thermal comfort.
Allows breeze to flow over building. AIR

Creates negative pressure. Hot air rises towards the top on

southern façade.

Cool breeze down in by convectional

current system to equalise pressure. Unhygenic foul breeze
flowing from south.
•Openings have been designed such that requirement of
artificial lighting is minimal throughout the day when the
building is under maximum usage. SKY

•By creating atrium spaces with skylights, the section of the building is
such that natural light enters into
the building, considerably reducing the dependence on artificial •Abundant natural light is inside due to
lighting. intelligently designed fenestrations.

•By creating atrium spaces with skylights,

sections of the Centre are designed in such a
way that natural daylight enters into the heart
of the building. This is supplemented by a
skylight roof and energy- efficient artificial
lighting.
 EARTH

As thermal capacity of earth is high, daily and

annual temperature fluctuations keep
decreasing with increasing depth of earth.

At depth of 4m below ground, temperature

remains constant and equal to annual average
temperature.
The central court houses an amphitheater that acts as an
informal gathering, but more importantly it holds within it the
rainwater harvesting sump for the whole complex.

WATER
An efficient rainwater harvesting system preserves water to the
maximum possible extent. Water run- off from the roof and from
the paved area is collected and stored in a collection sump below
the Amphitheatre.

This water is used for landscaping

and in toilet.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENHANCEMENT
Indoor Environmental quality is very well achieved with the help of non Voc paints and local
flooring material with less embodied energy.

• Indoor air quality is very well maintained with effective technique and use of cavity wall in south
to heat up the interior air.
•Occupant comfort is achieved with
 CONDUCTION & RADIATION as external agent .
 BODY HEAT & AIR FLOW as internal agent.

• Plants are being used in the interior common connecting spaces for refreshment and air Circulation .

•Proper maintenance is taken care in the interior to make an HYGNIC living .

•Mixed use of vegetation is been used to make the campus green and fresh .
•Solar Chimney plays an major role in maintain constant air flow in the interior .
•Ventilation plays a major role in creating comfortness in the interior.
 REFERENCING

• [Link]
teribangalore
• [Link]
• [Link]/case_study_Tecm1.php
• [Link]
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF
ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL
WORKING DRAWINGS : ELECTRIC PLAN
WORKING DRAWINGS : PLUMBING PLAN
WORKING DRAWINGS : PLUMBING SECTIONS
 MATERIAL
SENSITIVITY
 MATERIAL SENSITIVITY / HAPTIC PERCEPTION OF MATERIAL
Understanding Perception - It is defined as the awareness of one’s immediate environment through
sensations. It is stated that no two individuals can perceive an object or a physical setting entirely in
the same manner.

However, there exist certain classifications of individuals who share relatively similar perceptions of
objects and environments due to common experiences and emotions. These categorizations could be
human age, gender, culture and language, social group, occupation or location. Each category is in-
built with its pre-requisites that enable the individuals to physically and mentally inhabit a space with
unique emotional bonds.

Age Does Matter - Teenagers eventually outgrow their childhood bedrooms, young adults would
prefer a remodel of their teenage rooms and finally, full-grown adults would desire an entirely new
physical setting altogether.
FACTOR : ON THE BASIS OF GENDER

Characteristics of gender sensitive architecture

‘Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus’
The quote well differentiates between the gender personalities. The
reactions and responses of both the genders, whether to routine things
or spaces is different. It is hence true that even the notion of a ‘public
space’ is different for both the genders. Architecture has a unique
quality to make people feel valuable, dignified, honored, and seen.

It is made by keeping YOU in mind. On any given day, public spaces tend to
be the setting for a myriad of gendered social interactions. As a result of
these frequent interactions, public spaces themselves become gendered.
BUILT SPACES CHOSEN : GYM

GIRLS GYM
 Gym Design With Bright Lime Green Highlighted In
Neutral Surrounds  SML Architects A Fitness Centre in a
quiet, leafy bylane of a Mumbai suburb provides a lean
and crisp interior environment for its patrons A women’s
only fitness center situated within a dense residential
neighborworkout tracking softwarehood of suburban
Mumbai needed a space that was robust, hardy, and
refreshing, screened off the public street, with the
primary requirements of a workout area, a studio, and
service zone.
 Lean and wiry furniture in painted mild steel and space
dividers with infill panels of fluted glass, perforated metal
sheeting, and wire mesh bring an element of lightness and
agility to [Link] use of a bright lime green highlight that
appears in bold contrast to the neutral surrounds further
imbibes the space with an energy that is crucial to the activity it houses.
The first decision taken was the
replacement of existing heavy
masonry walls with a strategy
involving a change in material,
colour and texture for spatial
definition and the use of lightweight
partitions and storage units to
further demarcate and contain
these spaces.
 BOY’S GYM

“
The project is located off 6th Ring Road, near the Hunting &
Equestrian Club. The total area to be designed is
approximately 1300 sqm. The space was part of a larger
existing compound consisting of an existing kids and Olympic
swimming pool, 2 outdoor tennis courts and a volleyball court,
plus an existing detached annex building containing reception,

”
lockers and wet areas and 2 squash courts.
• Challenge
The biggest challenge was the fast track nature of the project. The owner was challenged with a very
short grace period for rental lease. This meant that design of the new space had to take place while
demolition of existing elements was taking place.

Additionally, there were no drawings available for any of the

existing buildings (meaning we did not know where the existing
structural elements, which we intended to keep and use, were
located).

• Intervention
We encountered a dense field of columns where the squash
courts used to be. We decided to utilize half of those elements
within the CrossFit zone (thereby using the existing structure to
support and hang needed equipment such as ropes, rings, pull up
bars etc). The other half of that structure was absorbed it what
would ultimately become the male and female WC's, showers,
changing rooms and locker spaces.
CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The choice for materials was a strategic one. We focused our use of high end finishes
and materials mainly within the limited spaces of the locker area and bathrooms using
high end fixtures, large slab ceramic, glass, flush light fittings and precise detailing and alignments.

We felt that the intended high net worth clienteles would

have an expectation for such an approach when it comes to
these hygiene conscious spaces, more so than for the rough
and tough nature of workout spaces. The 80% was finished
with a completely raw look (with reclaimed wood as the main
material) and imprecise joinery that reduced the load on the
(inexperienced) contractor team.

Furthermore, the reclaimed wood and raw look of the gym allowed it to age gracefully so to speak, and not
succumb to the day to day beatings of users in the same way that a cleanly finished material would. And 3 years
later the space looks exactly the same as it did on the day of the opening; any repairs on the other hand could be
made at minimal cost since the wood could be found at any scrapyard The result was Raw and Simple. The natural
rough textures of the reclaimed wooden plank walls and counters beautifully contrasted the smooth white finish of
the metal ceiling and AC ducts.
THANK YOU !!