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Axial Magnification: Basic Optics, Chapter 21

1) Axial magnification describes the relative size change of an object and image along the lens axis, while transverse magnification describes the relative size change across the lens axis. 2) Axial magnification can be approximated by squaring the transverse magnification. 3) For a thin lens, the transverse magnification is equal to the ratio of the image distance to the object distance, as determined by similar triangles. The axial magnification is then the square of this ratio.

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787 views19 pages

Axial Magnification: Basic Optics, Chapter 21

1) Axial magnification describes the relative size change of an object and image along the lens axis, while transverse magnification describes the relative size change across the lens axis. 2) Axial magnification can be approximated by squaring the transverse magnification. 3) For a thin lens, the transverse magnification is equal to the ratio of the image distance to the object distance, as determined by similar triangles. The axial magnification is then the square of this ratio.

Uploaded by

PAM ALVARADO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Axial Magnification

Basic Optics, Chapter 21


2

Axial Magnification

 We saw in Chapter 20 that transverse mag


addresses the relative heights of an image
and object
 But what about changes in the ‘fore and aft’
(i.e., along the lens axis) relative sizes?
 This is captured by axial magnification
3

Axial Magnification

Note the addition of an axial component


to the object (and therefore image)

Thin plus lens

Image
Object F1 N F2
4

Axial Magnification
Image height
You will recall that transverse mag is defined as:
Object height

Thin plus lens

Object height
Image
Object F1 N F2
Image height
5

Axial Magnification
Image height
You will recall that transverse mag is defined as:
Object height

Likewise, axial magnification is defined as:


Image width
Object width

Object width Thin plus lens

Object height
Image
Object F1 N F2
Image height

Image width
6

Axial Magnification

 Axial magnification can be approximated by


the square of the transverse magnification

Axial mag ≈ (Transverse mag)2


7

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Object distance (u)
8

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

F1 N F2 Image height

u v
9

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = ?

u v
10

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

u v
11

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

Transverse mag =
v/u = 50/-100 = ?
u v
12

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

Transverse mag =
v/u = 50/-100 = -.5
u v
13

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

Transverse mag =
v/u = 50/-100 = -.5
u v

inverted
(The .5 tells us the image is ½ the size of the object; the minus sign indicates the image is inv erted )
14

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

Transverse mag =
v/u = 50/-100 = -.5
u v
10cm ?

If our arrow has a 10cm ‘nose,’


how big will the image nose be?
15

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

Transverse mag =
v/u = 50/-100 = -.5
u v
Axial mag = 10cm ?
(v/u)2 = -.52 = .25

If our arrow has a 10cm ‘nose,’


how big will the image nose be?
16

Axial Magnification
2
Axial Image height
Transverse magnification is defined as: Object height
Axial
Transverse magnification is equal to:
(By the Vergence Law) (By similar triangles)

2 2
Vergence of incoming light (U) Image distance (v)
Vergence of light leaving lens (V) Thin plus lens Object distance (u)

Object height
U+P=V

If u = -100cm, and F1 N F2 Image height


P = +3, then v = 50cm

Transverse mag =
v/u = 50/-100 = -.5
u v
Axial mag = 10cm 2.5cm
(v/u)2 = -.52 = .25

If our arrow has a 10cm ‘nose,’


how big will the image nose be? .25 x 10 cm = 2.5 cm (approx)
17

Axial Magnification

 Axial magnification is important in the context


of indirect ophthalmoscopy
 The condensing lens power and the pupillary
distance (PD) on the indirect
ophthalmoscope determine the perceived
height of elevated posterior pole lesions
18

Axial Magnification

 Axial magnification is important in the context


of indirect ophthalmoscopy
 The condensing lens power and the pupillary
distance (PD) on the indirect
ophthalmoscope determine the perceived
height of elevated posterior pole lesions
PD in millimeters
Image lesion height =
Condensing lens power (D)
19

Axial Magnification

 Axial magnification is important in the context


of indirect ophthalmoscopy
 The condensing lens power and the pupillary
distance (PD) on the indirect
ophthalmoscope determine the perceived
height of elevated posterior pole lesions
PD in millimeters
Image lesion height =
Condensing lens power (D)
Mathematically convenient
PD (it’s a little low)
60
Image lesion height = = 3x
20D
Typical condensing lens power

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