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Settlement of Shallow Foundation

This document discusses shallow foundation settlement. It describes three types of settlement: elastic/immediate, consolidation, and secondary. Elastic settlement is computed using Janbu, Schmertmann, and theory of elasticity methods which involve influence factors and modulus of elasticity. Consolidation settlement equations are given for normally and over-consolidated clays. Factors that influence modulus of elasticity computation include soil tests, layer thickness, and footing geometry. Schmertmann's method uses CPT values to calculate granular soil settlement.

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264 views21 pages

Settlement of Shallow Foundation

This document discusses shallow foundation settlement. It describes three types of settlement: elastic/immediate, consolidation, and secondary. Elastic settlement is computed using Janbu, Schmertmann, and theory of elasticity methods which involve influence factors and modulus of elasticity. Consolidation settlement equations are given for normally and over-consolidated clays. Factors that influence modulus of elasticity computation include soil tests, layer thickness, and footing geometry. Schmertmann's method uses CPT values to calculate granular soil settlement.

Uploaded by

temesgen yohannes
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit II: Shallow Foundations

Settlement
Distribution of soil pressure

Soil pressure distribution in Soil pressure distribution in


cohesionless soil cohesive soil

RIGID
FOUNDATION
Distribution of soil pressure

Soil pressure distribution in Soil pressure distribution in


cohesionless soil cohesive soil

FLEXIBLE FOUNDATION
Components of Settlement
S = S e + S c + Ss

Se - Elastic or Immediate Settlement


Sc - Consolidation Settlement
Ss - Secondary Settlement
Computation of Elastic Settlement
Elastic settlement based on the Theory of Elasticity
Janbu et al., (1956) method of determining settlement
under an undrained condition
Schmertmann's method of calculating settlement in
granular soils by using CPT values.
Computation of Modulus of Elasticity
 Laboratory Methods
Triaxial tests on representative undisturbed samples
Other tests to find undrained cohesion of soil

A varies from 500 to 1500 for inorganic stiff clays


A varies from 100 to 500 for organic or soft clays
 Field Methods
Plate Load Test
Standard penetration test (SPT)
 Static cone penetration test (CPT)
Equations for computing Es using of SPT and CPT
values
(in kPa)
Based on Theory of Elasticity
Elastic Settlement
Net elastic settlement of flexible footing

µ varies from 0.1 to 0.5


For saturated clay, µ =
0.5

If is a function of the L/B


ratio of the foundation, and
the thickness H of the
compressible layer.
Terzaghi’s method of calculating If from curves derived by Steinbrenner
(1934)

For µ = 0.5, If = F1,


µ= 0, If= F1 + F2.
For Intermediate Values of
µ,

F1 and F2 versus
H/B

Method of
estimating
settlement
Influence factor – Bowles
Bowles (1996) - Influence factor
(for various shapes of rigid and flexible footings)
JANBU, et al METHOD
JANBU, BJERRUM AND KJAERNSLI'S METHOD OF
DETERMINING ELASTIC SETTLEMENT UNDER
UNDRAINED
CONDITIONS
SCHMERTMANN'S METHOD OF
CALCULATING SETTLEMENT IN
GRANULAR SOILS BY USING CPT
VALUES
Modified triangular vertical strain influence factor distribution
diagram
SCHMERTMANN'S METHOD
SCHMERTMANN'S METHOD
C1 & C2
t = Time in years for
which settlement is
required

Modulus of Elasticity Es
SCHMERTMANN'S METHOD
Lunne and Christoffersen (1985)
For normally consolidated sand

For over consolidated sand (OCR>2)


Consolidation Settlement
Equations for Computing Settlement
Normally consolidated clay

Over consolidated clay


for

for

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