LA
PDRRM
UNION
RESCUE
O
FABL S
911
THESE THINGS WE DO,
SO THAT OTHERS MAY LIVE.
La Union PDRRMC
FRANCISCO EMMANUEL “PACOY” R. ORTEGA III
Provincial Governor/ Chair, PDRRMC
BASIC
LIFE
SUPPORT
WHAT IS BASIC LIFE SUPPORT?
is defined as a variety of noninvasive emergency
procedures performed to assist in the immediate survival of
a patient, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
hemorrhage control, stabilization of fractures, spinal
immobilization, and basic first aid
BACKGROUND
• 80% of cardiac arrest occurs outside hospital.
• 40% of AMI (acute myocardial infarction) do not reach hospital
• Bystander CPR = vital intervention before arrival of emergency services
• Early resuscitation and prompt defibrillation (within 1-2 minutes) can
result in >60% survival
• Heart diseases being the most common cause of death
WHAT IS BASIC LIFE SUPPORT?
is defined as a variety of non-invasive emergency
procedures performed to assist in the immediate survival of
a patient, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation,
hemorrhage control, stabilization of fractures, spinal
immobilization, and basic first aid
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
CARDIAC ARREST
is a life-threatening situation in which the electrical and/or mechanical system of the
heart malfunctions resulting in complete cessation of the heart’s ability to function and
circulate blood efficiently.
Signs of Cardiac Arrest
1. Unconsciousness in several seconds
2. Respiratory arrest (apnea) or the last gasps (agonal breathing)
3. Pulse-less on large ( major) arteries(carotid or femoral artery)
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
In first 4 minutes = brain damage is unlikely – clinical death
4 – 6 minutes = brain damage possible
6 – 10 minutes = brain damage probable or likely
> 10 minutes = severe brain damage certain or irreversible brain
damage – biological death
TIME! TIME! TIME!
Chances of successful CPR - restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
decreases by 10% with each minute following sudden cardiac arrest…
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
“Bystander CPR vital intervention before arrival of emergency services –
double or triple survival from SCA (sudden cardiac arrest)”
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
is an emergency first-aid procedure that is used to
maintain respiration and blood circulation in a
person, whose breathing and heartbeat have
suddenly stopped.
Combination of chest compressions and artificial
ventilation.
1. SCENE SIZE - UP
What is the Nature of Illness or Mechanism of Injury?
How many casualties are involved?
Do I need additional resources?
Do I need backup for scene safety?
Do I need to establish ICS?
Do I need to start Triage and Tagging?
REMEMBER SAFETY PRIORITY!!
1. Responder’s safety is the first priority
2. Bystander’s safety is the second priority
3. Preppy’s safety is the last priority
2. LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Physical contact to preppy;
Identifying yourself.
Test for level of consciousness
Alert
Voice
Pain – tap shoulders or sternal rub
Unresponsive – activate EMS or call 911
3. PULSE AND BREATHING
Once the airway is open, simultaneously check for breathing and a carotid pulse, for at
least 5 but no more than 10 seconds.
When checking for breathing, look to see if the patient’s chest rises and falls, listen for
escaping air and feel for it against the side of your cheek. Normal breathing is quiet,
regular and effortless.
When checking the pulse on an adult patient, palpate the carotid artery by sliding two
fingers into the groove of the patient’s neck, being careful not to reach across the neck
and obstruct the airway.
3. PULSE AND BREATHING
When you determine that a patient is not in cardiac arrest (unresponsive, normal
breathing and definitive pulse), just continue monitoring until Emergency Medical
Service arrives.
When you determine that a patient is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive, no normal
breathing and no definitive pulse), you need to begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR).
4. CIRCULATION - CHEST COMPRESSION
Place 1 hand at the center of chest and place other
hand on top interlocking
Compress the chest for 30 times
Rate: 100 - 120 per min
Depth: 5cm-6cm (2inch-2.4inch) release pressure
without losing contact between your hand and
chest
If possible change CPR operator every 2 minutes
5. AIRWAY
Check for patency of the airway;
WAYS ON OPENING AIRWAY
• Head tilt chin lift = most common
• Jaw thrust maneuver = for suspected cervical spine injury
6. BREATHING - VENTILATION
Pinch nose
Place and seal your lips over the victim´s
mouth
Blow until the chest rises
Takes about 1 second
Allow chest to fall
Repeat (10 – 12 times per minute)
WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS
Without Barrier or Protection
• Mouth to mouth
• Mouth to nose
• Mouth to mouth and nose
• Mouth to stoma
With Barrier or Protection
• Mouth to face shield
• Mouth to face mask
• Bag Valve Mask Device
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
5 cycles in 2 minutes then check again for circulation and
breathing
30 : 2
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
P ush hard and fast
A llow chest recoil
M inimize interruption
A void hyperventilation
7. RECOVERY POSITION
If positive pulse and breathing after or during CPR
RESCUE BREATHING
for positive pulse and negative breathing
• Pinch the nose
• Take a normal breath and seal around
casualty’s mouth
• Blow until the chest rises
• Take about 1 second
• Give 1 blow every 5-6 seconds for 2mins
then check.
• Allow chest to fall
• Repeat
ALGORITHM
WHEN TO STOP CPR?
S igns of Life
T urnover to Medical Personnel
P hysician Assume Responsibility
Operator is Exhausted
S cene become Unsafe
WHEN NOT TO CPR?
• signs of definitive biological death (algor, rigor, livor mortis,
decomposition)
• terminal stage of incurable disease (generalised malignant disease…)
• an evident trauma without chance to survive (catastrophic head injury, EX.
decapitation)
• “living will” - only in countries when constitution accepts it
• DNR - “Do not attempt resuscitation” has been written in the file
(incurable disease after all available therapy failed)
AUTOMATED EXTENAL DEFIBRILLATOR
Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are portable electronic devices that
automatically analyze the patient’s heart rhythm and can provide defibrillation, an
electrical shock that may help the heart re-establish a perfusing rhythm.
HOW TO OPERATE AED?
REMEMBER
PASS
Power on Attach pads Analyze Shock
DO’S & DONTS FOR AED USE
Do’s
• Before shocking a patient with an AED, do make sure that no one is touching or is in contact with the patient or
any resuscitation equipment.
• Do use an AED if a patient is experiencing cardiac arrest as a result of traumatic injuries.
• Do use an AED for a patient who is pregnant. Defibrillation shocks transfer no significant electrical current to
the fetus. The mother’s survival is paramount to the infant’s survival. Follow local protocols and medical
direction.
Don’ts
• Do not use alcohol to wipe the patient’s chest dry. Alcohol is flammable.
• Do not touch the patient while the AED is analyzing. Touching or moving the patient may affect analysis.
• Do not touch the patient while the device is defibrillating. You or someone else could be shocked.
• Do not defibrillate someone when around flammable or combustible materials, such as gasoline or free-flowing
oxygen.
“It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful
that your knowledge or abilities aren't 100 percent complete. Remember,
the difference between your doing something and doing nothing could be
someone's life”
QUESTIONS/
We love La union. Everything we do is
for the love of La Union.
”
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