JUNIOR DESIGN ENGINEER
Presentation by :
SatyaVani Projects and Consultants Pvt. Ltd.
A- 203, Kushal Towers, Khairatabad, Hyderabad – 500 004.
DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
FOUNDATION:
Foundation is a structural part of a building on which a building stands.
Foundation transmits and distributes its own load and imposed loads to the
soil in such a way that the load bearing capacity of the “foundation bed” is
not exceeded.
INTRODUCTION
Generally enlarged at the base to distribute the load over area such that the
pressure on soil does not exceed its bearing capacity
Safe bearing capacity of soil should be calculated based on strength and
Settlement criteria of soil under foundation.
Upward Pressure under Column Load < Safe bearing capacity of soil
Foundations should have checked for overturning and sliding of structure
Classification of foundations
Shallow foundation Deep foundation
Isolated Combined Raft/ Strap Strip/wall Well Pile
footing footing Mat footing footing foundation foundation
By shape in plan By shape in Elevation
1.Rectangular 1. Sloped footing
2.Square 2. Stepped footing
3.Circular 3. Pad footing
SHALLOW FOUNDATION:
Shallow foundation is a type of foundation that transfers structure loads to the
soil very near the surface.
Shallow foundations typically have a depth to width ratio of less than 1.
Suitable Type of foundations are to be adopted based on soil report.
The depth of foundation should be decided based on parameters such as
minimum depth, SBC of soil, Scouring, Erosion, FGL, GWL & requirement of
under ground utilities etc.
ISOLATED FOOTING:
Provided for independent columns
Usually in square or rectangle shape with concentric columns.
Size of footing is decided based on soil bearing capacity &
unfactored load and moments.
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
Footings are designed for flexure and shear
The design is similar to two-way slab supported on column.
The minimum depth of foundation should be from the minimum of FORMED
GROUND LEVEL (FGL) or NATURAL GROUND LEVEL (NGL )
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
DESIGN GUIDELINES IN IS- 456:2000.,
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
DESIGN GUIDELINES IN IS- 456:2000.,
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
DESIGN GUIDELINES IN IS-13920: 2016.,
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
Check for upward pressure due to loads and moments
P/A + Mx/Zx + My/Zy < SBC of soil
P = Total load ( load from superstructure + Self
weight of footing )
Mx & My = Bending Moment of column in X &
Y dir respectively.
Zx & Zy = Section modulus in X & Y dir
respectively.
= (I/Y)
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
Moment at critical section = qu * C ^2 /2
C = (L-a) / 2
Critical section
for moment
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
One way shear at critical section V = qu * e * B
Critical section for
oneway Shear
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
Check for one-way shear should be done in the
case of uniaxial bending.
Shear reinforcement should be provided after
one-way shear check. It’s Advised to avoid Shear
Reinforcement in footing instead increase depth.
DESIGN GUIDELINES.,
Check for punching.
V1= Column load
b0 = (b+d )*2+(a+d)*2
d = Effective depth of
foundation
a = Column longer dim
b = Column shorter dim
FOUNDATION DETAILS AS PER SP-34
FOUNDATION DETAILS AS PER SP-34
ISOLATED FOOTING
(STEP TYPE)
ISOLATED FOOTING
(PAD TYPE)
ISOLATED FOOTING
(SLOPED TYPE)
COMBINED FOOTING
Preferred when the two adjacent isolated foundations are
overlapped
either rectangular or trapezoidal, that supports two columns .
Heavy
loaded
Column
COMBINED FOOTING
To obtain uniform soil pressure distribution, the footing is so
proportioned that its centroid coincides with resultant of applied loads.
Long narrow footing behave as Beam over entire width of footing and
supported across the width by transverse action as cross beams
Such a transverse beam action is
a a considered as occurring on a
width equal to width of column
plus effective depth of footing.
CG OF LOAD
COMBINED FOOTING
DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTING:
COMBINED FOOTING
CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTINGS:
Consist of two single footings connected with a beam or a strap and
support two single columns.
Sometimes columns located at adjoining property , may not be
possible to encroachment .In such a case the exterior footing in
such cases is kept eccentrically under the column and footings are
connected with strap beam.
CANTILEVER OR STRAP FOOTINGS:
Strap beam does not rest on soil
Strap beam is subjected to a constant shear force and linearly varying
hogging bending moment. Thus it behaves a cantilever beam, so it is
called as cantilever footing.
STRAP FOOTING:
MAT/RAFT FOOTINGS:
Consist of one footing usually placed under the
entire building area.
They are used when soil bearing capacity is
low, column loads are heavy, single footing
can’t be used, piles are not used, and
differential Settlement must be reduced.
Like inverted flat plate with soil pressure as the
load on the plate, except that mat loads are
much heavier than the flat plate loads and the
mat slab is much thicker than most of the flat
plates.
MAT/RAFT FOOTINGS:
MAT/RAFT FOOTINGS:
DESIGN OF RAFT/MAT FOOTING:
MAT/RAFT FOOTINGS:
WALL /STRIP FOOTING:
Wall footings are used to support structural walls/series of
columns that carry loads for other floors or to support
nonstructural walls.
The design principle used is similar to that of beams with minor
modifications.
The footing behaves as a cantilever on the both sides of the wall,
hence the reinforcement is given in the bottom.
The wall prevents the failure due to two-way shear.
WALL FOOTING
DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS :
PLINTH BEAM:
Plinth beam is provided above the ground level over the foundation Minimum 450
mm Above FGL Preferred.
Plinth beam is provided when the depth of foundation is less
In general the plinth height should be provided high to avoid
Reptile problem
Flooding
Seepage
Future probable rise in ground
DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS :
PEDESTAL:
Pedestal is used when the depth of foundation is too large
Pedestal is used to decrease the effective length of column to decrease the
punching in case of large SBC
DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS :
GRADE BEAM:
The grade beam is provided from foundation to ground level
When the depth of foundation is very large from the ground level,
we will go for grade beam
It is provided when the SBC is less.
Assignment
Design an R.C. foundation the following cases using M25 concrete
and HYSD Fe500 steel. Assume SBC of soil as 200 kN/m2.
1. Isolated footing for a column of size 300 x 500 subjected to axial load of 1500 kN &
moment of 500 kNm.
3. A combined foundation for
Size of columns 1 &2 300x600mm & 250x500mm
Factored loads = 3000 kN & 2000 kN
Factored moments along larger dimension = 200 kN.m & 150 kNm
Factored moment along shorter dimension = 100 kN.m & 50 kNm
The assignment should be sent by mail in the following format,
Subject: SIE Online Training Course Junior Design Engineer
Your Registered Mobile No. 98******24-YOUR NAME-SIEJDE-XX
(XX – Assignment No.)
Email :
[email protected] Thank you
