INTERVIEW
METHOD OF
DATA
COLLECTION
INTERVIEW METHOD
It is a method of collecting data
involves presentation of oral/ verbal
stimuli and reply in terms of oral
verbal responses.
CLASSIFICATIONS
Interview method
Personal interview Telephone interview
• Structured
• Unstructured Direct personal interview
• Focussed Indirect oral interview
• Clinical
• Nondirective
INTERVIEW METHOD
• It involves presentation of oral verbal stimuli &
reply in terms of oral verbal responses.
• Method can be used through
*Personal interviews
*Telephone interviews
PERSONAL INTERVIEWS
This method require a person known as
interviewer asking questions generally in a face
to face contact to the other persons.
CONT’D
• At times interview may ask certain questions & the
interviewer responds
• Usually interviewer initiates interview & collects
information.
• Sort of interview
#direct personal investigation
#indirect oral investigation
• Direct personal investigation
• Interviewer has to collect the information
personally from the source concerned
• He has to be on the spot & has to meet people
from whom data have to be collected
CONT’D
• Method is particularly suitable for intensive
investigation
• In certain cases ,it may not be possible to
contact directly the persons concerned D P
investigation may not be used.
• In such cases indirect oral exam can be
conducted. in which interviewer has to cross
examine other person .
• Most of commission & committee appointed
by govt.
PERSONAL INTERVIEW
STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
• Method of collecting information through
periodic intervals is usually carried out in a
structured way.
• It involves the use of a set of predetermined
questions & of highly standardized technique of
recording.
• In this the interviewer follows a rigid procedure
laid down
• Asking questions in form & order prescribed.
UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW
Characterised by flexibility of approach to
questioning.
It do not follow a system of pre determined
questions & standardised techniques of
recording information.
The interviewer is allowed much greater
freedom to ask if needed.
At times he may omit certain questions.
He may even change the sequence of
questions.
CONT’D
He has relatively greater freedom while recording the response to
include some aspects & exclude others.
It also demand deep knowledge & greater skills of interviewer.
It happens to be the central technique of collecting information in
case of exploratory or formulative research studies.
It is being more economical.
Providing a safe basis for generalisation & requiring lesser skill on the
part of employer.
FOCUSSED INTERVIEW
Meant to focus attention on the given experience of
the respondents & its effects.
The interviewer has the freedom to decide the
manner & sequence in which the questions would be
asked & has also the freedom to explore reasons &
motives.
The main task of interviewer is to confine the
respondent to a discussion of issues-are used in the
development of hypothesis- constitute a major type
of unstructured interview
CLINICAL INTERVIEW
Concerned with broad underlying feeling or
motivation or with the course of individuals
life experience.
NON-DIRECTIVE INTERVIEW
The interviewers function is simply to
encourage the respondent to talk about the
topic by direct questioning
ADVANTAGES
• More information & in greater depth
• Interviewer by his own skill can overcome the
resistance of the respondent
• It can be made to yield an almost perfect
sample of general population.
• Greater flexibility
• Observation method can be applied to record
verbal answers
• Personal information can be obtained easily
CONT’D
• Sample can be controlled more effectively.
• The interviewer can usually control which
persons will answer the questions.
• The interviewer may catch the informant off-
guard & thus secure the most spontaneous
reaction.
• Interviewer can collect supplementary
information about respondent.
DEMERITS OF PERSONAL INTERVIEW
• Very expensive.
• There remains possibility of bias of interviewer & also
respondent.
• There remains head ache of supervision & control of
interviewees
• Important officials /executives may not be easily
approachable
• Time consuming
• Presence of interviewer on the spot may overstimulate
the respondent ,that he may give imaginary information
CONT’D
• The organisation required for
selecting ,training ,& supervising the field staff
is more complex.
• Interviewing at time may also introduce
systematic errors.
• Effective interview presupposes proper rapot
with respondent.
PRE-REQUISITES/BASIC TENANTS OF
INTERVIEW
Interviewer should be carefully selected,
trained, & briefed for successful implementation of
interview method.
There should be honest, sincere, hardworking, impartial
& must possess the technical competence & necessary
practical experience.
Occasional field check should be done
Some provision should be made in advance may be taken
,if some of the selected respondents refuse to co-operate
when interviewer calls upon them.
CONT’D
Every effort should be made to create
friendly atmosphere of trust & confidence.
The interviewer must ask questions properly
& intelligently & must record the response
accurately & completely.
The interviewers approach must be friendly,
courteous, controversational & unbiased
The interviewer must keep the direction of
interview in his own hand
TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW
TELEPHONE INTERVIEW
• This method of collecting information
consists in contacting respondents on
telephone itself.
• Not a widely used method.
• Play an important part in industrial surveys.
MERITS
More flexible comparison to mailing method.
Faster than other method
Cheaper
Recall is easy, callback are simple & economical
Higher rate of response
Replies can be recorded without causing
embarassment to respondent
Interviewer can explain requirement more easily
No field staff is required.
Representation & wider distribution of sample
DEMERITS
• Survey are restricted to respondents who have
telephone facilities.
• Little time is given to respondent for answering
• Extensive geographical coverage may get
restricted.
• It is not suitable for intensive survey
• Possibility of the bias of interviewer is more
• Questions have to be short & to the point,
probe are difficult to handle
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