Background of
Curriculum
Development
By: Kate Lynn P. Riberal
What is
Curriculum?
curriculum
• Taught at school
• Set of subjects
• Content
• Sequence of courses
• Set of performance objectives
curriculum
• Is all planned learning experiences for which
the school is responsible.
• Is all the experiences learners have under the
guidance of the school.
Curriculum from Different Points of View
• The definitions are influenced by modes of
thoughts , pedagogies, political as well as
cultural experiences.
Traditional Points of View of Curriculum
In the early years of 20th century, the traditional concepts he
Synonymous to : Curriculum is body Permanent
course of of subject matter study for
study and prepared by teachers basic
syllabus for students to learn education
Progressive Points of View of Curriculum
Total Learning
Experience of
Individual
What is
Curriculum
Development?
Curriculum Development
• The process that produces written plan in
selecting, organizing, executing and evaluation
learning experiences on the basis of needs,
abilities and interest of the learners and the nature
of the society and community.
Phases of curriculum development
Curriculum Planning
1
Curriculum Designing
2
Implementation
3
Evaluation
4
1. Curriculum Planning
• Considers the school vision, mission, and goals. It
also includes the philosophy of the school.
Importance of Curriculum Planning
• To develop well coordinated quality teaching,
learning, and assessment programs which
build students knowledge, skills, and
behaviors
2. Curriculum Designing
• Focuses on the creation of the overall course
blueprint, mapping, content to learning objectives
including how to develop a course outline and
build the course.
Four Basic Elements of
Curriculum Design
Objectives Content Organization Evaluation
Bases for the development of textbooks, syllabi and lesson plans
or learning guide. As well as considered in curriculum planning
Approaches to Curriculum
Curriculum Design Design
Subject Centered Curriculum
Objectives Subject Centered Approach
Learner Centered Curriculum Learner Centered Approach
Problem Centered Curriculum Problem Centered Approach
Guidelines in
Committee:
Teachers
Curriculum Design
Parents Should take:
Administrators Cognitive
students Needs Affective
interest Psychomotor skills
society Consider: Concepts
Review as basis: Disadvantages outcomes
Vision Advantages in terms of
Mission cost, scheduling, class
Goals size, facilities, and
Objectives personnel
Curriculum Monitoring
• Determine if curriculum is still effective and relevant.
• Periodic assessment and adjustment during the pilot
testing.
• Formative evaluation, determines how the curriculum is
working and the report will be the base on decision of
what aspect have to be retained, improved or modified.
3. Curriculum Implementation
• The formal utilization or application of the
designed curriculum after it was tested.
• Putting into action the plan which is based on
curriculum design in classroom or the learning
environment.
Factors to consider during Implementation
Roles Materials Schedule
Leaders Function
Communication
Training
Problem-Solving
Motivation
Evaluation
Three types of Curriculum
1. Intended 2. Implemented 3. Achieved
Curriculum – Curriculum – Curriculum –
set of objectives learning activities learning
of students outcomes
4. Curriculum Evaluation
• Process of obtaining information for judging the
worth of an educational program, product,
procedure, objectives or potential utility of
alternative approaches design to attain specified
objectives
Key questions usually ask in evaluating
curriculum
Are the objectives being addressed?
Are the contents presented in the recommended
sequence?
Are the students being involved in the suggested
instructional experiences ?
Are the students reacting to the contents?
Strategies in Evaluation
1. Paper and Pencil 5. Oral Strategy
2. Performance Based Strategy 6. Reflective Strategy
3. Observational Strategy 7. Combination Strategy
4. Personal Communication
Two Ways of Curriculum Evaluation
2. Accreditation
1. School Based Voluntary process of
submitting curriculum
Evaluation program to an external
Evaluation in the hands accrediting body for
of the school personnel review in any level of
education
Areas to be accredited under curriculum and
instruction
1. Curriculum and Program Studies
2. Classroom Management
3. Methodologies
4. Graduation Requirements
5. Administrative Support for Effective Instruction
6. Evaluation of Academic Performance of Students.
curriculum development Process Models
Ralph Tyler Model
1 Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots
Approach
2
Galen Saylor and William Alexander
Curriculum Model
3
1. Ralph Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
Ralph W. Tyler
The curriculum development model is deductive
(general to specific) , linear (sequence of steps) and
prescriptive (suggest what ought to be done)
Ralph Tyler Model
What educational purposes
Defining Objectives should the school seek to
attain?
What educational experiences
can be provided that are likely
Defining Learning Experience to attain?
How can these educational
Organizing of Learning Activities experiences be effectively
organized?
How can we determine
whether these purposes are
Evaluation of Learning Experiences
being attained?
2. Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots Approach
Hilda Taba
The curriculum development model is inductive
(specific to general), and teacher approach.
Hilda Taba Model: Grassroots Approach
1. Diagnosis of learners needs and expectations of the larger society.
2. Formulation of learning objectives.
3. Selection of the learning content.
4. Organization of learning content.
5. Selection of the learning experiences.
6. Organization of learning activities.
7. Determination of what to evaluate and the means of doing it.
3. Galen Saylor and William Alexander
Curriculum Model
The curriculum is a plan for providing sets of
learning opportunities to achieve broad educational
goals and related specific objectives.
Galen Saylor and William Alexander
Curriculum Model
1. Goals, Objectives and Domains
2. Curriculum Designing
3. Curriculum Implementation
4. Evaluation
Criteria in Curriculum Development
1. Have the goals of the curriculum been clearly stated; and are
they used by the teachers and students in choosing the content,
materials and activities for learning?
2. Have the teachers and the students engaged in teacher-student
planning in defining the goals and in determining how they will
be implemented
Criteria in Curriculum Development
3. Do some of the planned goals relate to the society or the
community in which the curriculum will be implemented or the
teaching will be done?
4. Do some of the planned goals relate to the individual learner
and his or her needs, purpose, interest, and abilities?
Criteria in Curriculum Development
5. Are the planned goals used as criteria in selecting and
developing learning materials for instruction?
6. Are the planned goals used as criteria in evaluating learning
achievement and in he future planning of learning sub-goals and
activities?
What is
Curriculum
Change ?
Change
Constant nature that always bring
improvement and occurs continuously.
Curriculum Change
Curriculum change is an effort made by education
authorities to change and adapt their aims and objectives
of teaching and learning according to the values , culture,
philosophy as well as resources at their disposal.
Restructure
according to Need for Curriculum
needs
Update method Change
of teaching
Content
Eliminate new knowledge
unnecessary: units,
teaching methods,
content
Planning
Phase Phases of Curriculum
Change
Evaluation Phase
Implementation
phase
Factors of Curriculum Change
2.Financial
Pressures
3.Staffing Issue
1.Influential
4.Students’ Individuals
Ability
“The whole purpose of
education is to turn mirrors into
windows.”
Sydney J. Harris
Thank You for listening!
Have a nice day
References:
ttps://www.academia.edu/38771699/Curriculum_Development_ppt_
ttps://www.slideshare.net/SreethaAkhil/curriculum-change
