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Single Variable Calculus Assignment Help
Problem 1 Find the following definite integral using integration by
parts.
Solution Let u = x, dv = sin(x)dx. The du = dx, v = − cos(x). So
udv = uv − vdu, i.e.,
Problem 2 Find the following antiderivative using integration by
parts.
Solution First substitute x = sin(θ), dx = cos(θ)dθ. Then the
integral becomes,
Of course sin(θ) cos(θ) = 1 2 sin(2θ). Thus we need to compute,
Using trigonometric formulas, this equals,
Backsubstituting, sin(θ) = x, gives the final
answer,
Problem 3 Use L’Hospital’s rule to compute the following
limits
Solution (a). As x approaches 0, both the numerator and
denominator approach 0. The corresponding derivatives are,
Therefore, by L’Hospital’s rule,
(b). As x approaches 1, the numerator approaches 4−5+1 = 0, and
the denominator approaches ln(1) = 0. The corresponding
derivatives are,
Therefore, by L’Hospital’s rule,
Problem 4 Determine whether the following improper integral
converges or diverges.
(Hint: Compare with another function.)
Solution Because the integrand is nonnegative, the integral
converges if and only if it is bounded. Therefore the comparison
test applies. For x > 1, x2 > x. Therefore −x2 < −x and 0 ≤ e−x2
< e−x. Integrating,
Therefore, also dx converges (and is bounded above by e−1).
Problem 5 You wish to design a trash can that consists of a base
that is a disk of radius r, cylindrical walls of height h and radius r,
and the top consists of a hemispherical dome of radius r (there is
no disk between the top of the walls and the bottom of the dome;
the dome rests on the top of the walls). The surface area of the can
is a fixed constant A. What ratio of h to r will give the maximum
volume for the can? You may use the fact that the surface area of a
hemisphere of radius r is 2πr2, and the volume of a hemisphere is
Solution The area of the base is πr2. The area of the sides are
2πrh. The area of the dome is 2πr2. Therefore we have the
equation,
A = πr2 + 2πrh + 2πr2 = πr(3r + 2h).
The volume of the cylindrical portion of the
can is the area of
It follows that h =
the base times the height, i.e., πr2h. The area of the dome of the can i
Therefore the total volume of the can is,
The endpoints for r are r = 0 and r =
The critical points for r occur when
i.e., A = 5πr2. Since A = 3πr2 + 2πrh, we conclude that 2πrh = A −
3πr2 = 2πr2. Cancelling, we have that h = r. This is contained in the
interval for r, moreover geometric reasoning (or the first derivative
test) shows this is a maximum for V . Therefore the maximum
volume is obtained when h = r.
Problem 6 A point on the unit circle in the xyplane moves
counterclockwise at a fixed rate of
At the moment when the angle of the point is θ =
change of the distance from the particle to the ywhat is the rate of
axis?
Solution The coordinates of the point are (cos(θ),sin(θ)). The
distance from the yaxis is the absolute value of the xcoordinate.
Since the point is in the 1st quadrant, this is just x = cos(θ).
Therefore the rate of change of the distance is,
Problem 7 Compute the following integral using a trigonometric
substitution. Don’t forget to backsubstitute.
Hint: Recall the halfangle formulas, cos2(θ) = 1/2 (1 + cos(2θ)),
sin2(θ) = 1/2 (1 − cos(2θ)).
Solution This integral calls for a trigonometric substitution, x =
sin(θ), dx = cos(θ)dθ. The integral becomes,
By the halfangle formulas, this is,
Using the doubleangle formula, sin(2θ) = 2 sin(θ) cos(θ), and back
substituting sin(θ) = x yields
Problem 8 Compute the volume of the solid of revolution
obtained by rotating about the xaxis 2 2 = r4 the region in the 1 .
st quadrant of the xyplane bounded by the axes and the curve x4
+ry
Solution The curve intersects the yaxis when r2y2 = r4, i.e. y =
r. The curve intersects the xaxis when x4 = r4, i.e. x = r. So the
endpoints of the curve are (0, r) and (r, 0). Using the disk
method, the volume of the solid is,
Problem 9 Compute the area of the surface of revolution obtained
by rotating about the yaxis π the portion of the lemniscate r2 = 2a2
cos(2θ) in the 1st quadrant, i.e., 0 ≤ θ ≤ . 4
Solution The polar equation for arclength is is ds2 = dr2 + r2dθ2,
which is equivalent to r2ds2
= r2dr2 + r4dθ2. By implicit differentiation,
2rdr = −4a2 sin(2θ)dθ, r2dr2 = 4a4
sin2(2θ)dθ2.
Therefore,
r2ds2 = r2dr2 + r4dθ2 = 4a4 sin2(2θ)dθ2 + 4a
cos2(2θ)dθ2 = 4a4dθ2.
The area of the surface of revolution is given by
Therefore the surface area is
Problem 10 Compute the area of the lune that is the region in the
1st and 3rd quadrants contained inside the circle with polar
equation r = 2a cos(θ) and outside the circle with polar equation r
= a.
Solution Setting 2a cos(θ) equal to a, the points of intersection
occur when 2 cos(θ) = 1, i.e. θ = - π/3 and θ = + π/3. So the lune
is the region between the two graphs for − π/3 ≤ θ ≤ π/3. The
outer curve is ro = 2a cos(θ) and the inner curve is ri = a. The
formula for the area between two polar curves is
In this case, the area is
To evaluate this, use the halfangle formula, cos2(θ) = 1/2 (1 +
cos(2θ)). The integral becomes,
Therefore the area is
Problem 11 Find the equation of every tangent line to the
hyperbola C with equation y2 −x2 = 1, 1 that contains the point
(0,1/2 ).
Solution By implicit differentiation
Therefore, the slope of the tangent line to C at (x0, y0) is
tangent line to C at (x0, y0) is, So the equation of the
If the tangent line contains the point (0, ½ , then (x0, y0) satisfies
the equation,
x0 = √3 and x0 = − √3. The equations of the corresponding
tangent lines are
Problem 12 Compute each of the following integrals
Solution (a). Substituting u = sec(θ), du = sec(θ)tan(θ)dθ, the integral
becomes,
(b). This is a proper rational function. Use a partial fractions
expansion,
By the Heaviside coverup method, A = −1 This only leaves B
and C =
to compute. Plug in x = 1 to get,
So the partial fraction decomposition is,
Thus the antiderivative is
(c). The derivative of the denominator is 4x − 2. This is twice the
numerator. Substituting u = 2x2 − 2x + 3, du = (4x − 2)dx, the
integral becomes,
(d). Of course √ e3x = e 3/2 x. Therefore the antiderivative
is,
