Classical Period (Greek and

Roman Art), Medieval Period

and Renaissance Period (Early
High and Late Renaissance)
Group 2 (BSMA 2-A)

Subject: GECART
 Members:

Christopher Espiritu Genrey Laguna

Nova Ferrer Christian Lazarte

Zenrose Guarin Christian Magbanua

April Rose Ann Inventor Carmela Mijares

 Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Identify the major periods in Western art

history;
2. Compare and contrast the artworks produced
during the different time periods and art
movements; and
3. Discuss the importance of art to the
development of Western culture.
 Introduction

Art has been an integral part in European history. From the

time of the ancient civilizations like the Greeks and the
Romans all the way to the modern times, art has been used to
communicate ideologies and belief systems prevalent within
their context. Greek and Roman Civilizations were also known
as the Classical World because both cultures aimed to embody
the highest possible standard of quality in all aspects of
their societies. When it comes to both art and architecture,
both civilizations intended to promote possibility of having
an objective and widely accepted standards for beauty. The
influence and impact of both classical worlds are far-
reaching.
Introduction

Parthenon
The Parthenon, built between
447 and 432 bc, is the greatest
monument of classical Athens.
Originally a temple to Athena
Parthenos (the Virgin Athena),
it was eventually converted
into a Christian church and
later into a mosque.
 Introduction

Most art movements have taken inspiration

from the certain artistic elements from the
two civilizations. There are different art
movements that emerged within the different
time periods in Europe. Each movement has a
distinctive characteristic to them
highlighting the different trends and changes
as they transition from one period to the
next.
 Classical Art

Classical Art refers to the ancient art and architecture

in Greece and Rome. It is also term for a long period of
cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea,
comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient
Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-
Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman
society flourished and wielded great influence throughout
Europe. The artists at this time attained a manner of
representation that conveys a vitality of life as well as
a sense of permanence, clarity and harmony.
 Greek Art
Ancient Greeks became interested in a naturalism that is
portraying the human form in a realistic and anatomically
correct manner. Greek sculptors developed mathematical
systems for showing the human body in correct proportions,
and sculptors prided themselves on showing how the muscles
of the body appeared under the skin when the body was
positioned asymmetrical with weight shifted to one hip or
the other (Harrison).
In architecture, the Greeks developed three styles or orders
of columns namely Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. These columns
were used all over ancient Greece to support a building.
 Roman Art
About 2000 B.C., the Romans conquered the Greeks. During
their conquered of Greece, the Romans looted the towns and
captured sculptors and brought them to Rome as slaves. Greek
artists relied upon to design and repair monumental
buildings. The Romans greatly admired the art and
architecture of Greece, as well as many of their ideas.
However, the Romans often used marble to create copies of
sculptures that the Greeks had originally made in bronze.
Both the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans were
humanists with enormous respect for human beings, and what
they could accomplish with their minds and bodies. This
frame of mind was reborn in the Renaissance period.
Roman Art

Caracalla
Caracalla (ad 215) is an
example of ancient Roman
portraiture. Sculpted in
marble, this bust of Caracalla
(the nickname of the emperor
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus)
shows the emotional quality and
the effect of realism in these
pieces.
 Idealistic Differences Sculpture Architecture

Greek Art

Roman Art
 Medieval Period

Also known as Middle Age. The Medieval era is the period in

European history that look place between 350 AD to 1450 AD.
Medieval art is an account of history of an integration of
technique between the elements of classical, early
Christian and “barbarian” that were produced in different
media and style.
Art historians have difficulty in classifying medieval art
into major periods and styles. The general accepted scheme
in this era is classified into (1) Early Christian; (2)
Byzantine; (3) Romanesque; and (4) Gothic. Each of this
style was expressed distinctly in different countries, and
covers a vast scope of time and place.
Medieval Period

Islamic art was also developed in

the Middle Ages in a form of
illustrated manuscript, textiles,
ceramics, metalwork and glass.
Muslim artists worked in the early
formative stage of the period and
then diverged in a variety of styles
depending on the region in which the
artist worked.
 Medieval Architecture
Medieval Architecture is symbolic in nature, with
little regard for the functional design of other eras.
It also has a great variety of buildings like
synagogues, halls and barns that testify to the diverse
communities and interests in the western Europe during
the Middle ages. The most extra ordinary buildings
during this period were the churches. Toward the end of
the 11th century, a style of church building Romanesque
was prevalent. Beginning in the mid-12th century and
becoming more and more popular in the next few
centuries was the Gothic style.
Medieval Architecture

Facade of Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris

The Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris
is a splendid example of Gothic
architecture. The facade of the
cathedral, built from 1190 to 1240, is
characterized by its two imposing
towers. The entrance doors are set
into pointed arches finely decorated
with sculpture depicting the Last
Judgment, Saint Anne, and the
Coronation of the Virgin. Above the
doors is a row of statues of angels
and saints surmounted by windows and a
colonnade.
 Types of Arts in Medieval Period

1. Ceramic Art - Early Medieval ceramics were hand shaped

rather than wheel turned producing cooking pots and jars,
jugs and pitchers and crucibles.
2. Heraldry – is the practice of designing and recording coals
of arms and badges. The origins of heraldry stretch back
since the ancient times. Warriors often decorated their
shields with patterns and mythological motifs.
3. Illuminated Manuscripts - were religious texts embellished
with rich colors which often featured the use of gold and
silver.
Ceramic Art Heraldry

Illuminated Manuscripts
 Types of Arts in Medieval Period

4. Ivory Carving - is the carving of ivory by using sharp

cutting tools either mechanically or manually.
5. Mosaic - mosaic is the art of creating images with small
pieces of colored glass, stone or other material.
6. Sculpture - Gothic sculpture evolved from the early stiff
and elongated style of statues used in Romanesque art.
7. Stained Glass - small pieces of glass arranged to form
patterns or pictures which are held together by strips of lea
and supported by rigid frame.
 Ivory Carving Mosaic

Stained Glass

Sculpture
 Types of Arts in Medieval Period

8. Tapestry - is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on

a vertical loom with rich colored designs or scenes usually
hung on walls for decoration.
9. Fresco Wall Paintings - Fresco is a painting type which is
executed in plaster on walls and ceilings. Frescoes are
paintings made directly onto a wall or ceiling while the
plaster is still wet plaster and with this setting, the
painting becomes an integral part of the wall.
10. Panel Painting - a painting on a panel made of a single or
several pieces of wood joined together. Panel painting was
the normal form of support for painting until canvas became
popular in the 16th century.
 Fresco Wall
Paintings

Panel Painting

Tapestry
 Renaissance

Renaissance is a series of literary and cultural movement

that began in Italy and eventually expanded into Germany,
France, England and other parts of Europe. It means
‘rebirth’ or ‘revival’ and a time of new discoveries in
the fine arts, music, literature, philosophy, science and
technology, architecture, religion and spirituality.
Evolution of Renaissance art took place in three stages:
1. Early Renaissance (1400-1475 AD)
2. High Renaissance (1475-1525 AD)
3. Late Renaissance or Mannerism (1525-1600 AD)
 Early Renaissance (1400 – 1475 AD)

The Early Renaissance period began in Florence

towards the end of 14th century. During this
period, a revolution in philosophy, science and
mathematics dramatically changed composition
and representation in the arts. While the
subject matter remained primarily Christian, a
variety of additional symbols and themes were
introduced along with ideas from classical
mythology.
 High Renaissance (1475 – 1525 AD)

The High Renaissance produces the most, the best and

the art that epitomize the movement. It includes the
big names like Da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.
Many artists during this time were excelled in many
different things, the origin of the phrase
‘renaissance man’. Artists such as Michelangelo and
Brunelleschi reached their peak during this era. Thus,
there was such a concentration of talent in Italy at
the time and people were so interested in cultivating
these talents.
 Late Renaissance/Mannerism (1525 – 1600 AD)

While technically masterful, Mannerist

compositors were full of clashing
colors, disquieting figures with
abnormally elongated limbs, (often
torturous-looking) emotion and bizarre
themes that combined Classicism,
Christianity and mythology.
 Artists of the
Renaissance Period
 Early Renaissance Artists

Giotto Di Bondone – painter

(1267-1337)
The most important Italian
painter of the 14th century
whose work point to the
innovation of the
Renaissance style that
developed a century later.
Major Artworks

Madonna Enthroned or Madonna and the The Flight into

Ognissanti Madonna Child (1320-1430) Egypt (1310)
(1495-1498)
 Early Renaissance Artists

Donatello di Nicollo Brandi –

sculptor (1386-1466)
Donatello was one of the
forerunners of Florentine
Art which also paved way for
the age of Renaissance art.
His works mainly comprise of
low relief statues usually
from wood or bronze.
Major Artworks

Magdalene Penitent Equestrian Statue David

(Wood, 1453 – 1456) of Gattamelata (Bronze, 1430 – 1432)
(Bronze, 1453)
 Early Renaissance Artists

Massacio (Thommaso Gassal)

painter (1401-1428)
Along with Dantello and
Brunelleschi, he inspired the
style of art that exemplifies
art of the Renaissance
period. He a style that used
the perspective in a way that
created an illusion of three
dimensions, a significant
change from a medieval flat
style of painting.
Major Artworks

The Tribute Money The Holy Trinity Madonna and Child

(Fresco, 1425) (Fresco, 1425 – 1428) with Angels (Oil and
Table, 1426)

The Expulsion
(Fresco, 1426 - 1427)
 Early Renaissance Artists

Filippo Brunelleschi -architect,

engineer (1377-1446)
One of the pioneers of early
Renaissance architecture in
Italy who invented the linear
perspective. His major work is
the dome of the Cathedral of
Santa Maria del Plore (the
Duomo) in Florence constructed
with the aid of machine that
Brunelleschi invented expressly
for the project.
Major Artworks

Basilica of Saint
Lawrence
(1422 – 1470)

Passi Chapel
(1441 – 1460)

Dome of Florence
Cathedral (1418 – 1430)
 High Renaissance Artists

Leonardo da Vinci - painter,

scientist, mathematician,
musician (1452-1519)
Da Vinci was someone who was
skilled and knowledgeable in
many subjects including
science, mathematics and most
importantly art. Da Vinci
considered to be a true
Renaissance for he was skilled
in many subjects and is
revered for all his
achievement.
Major Artworks The Annunciation
(oil on panel, 1472
– 1475)

Adoration of the
Magi (Underpainting
on panel, 1481)

Mona Lisa (oil on The Last Supper

cotton wood, circa (tempera on gesso
1503 – 1519) pitch and mastic,
1495 – 1498)
 High Renaissance Artists

Michelangelo Buonarroti -
painter, sculptor, architect
(1475-1564)
An Italian Renaissance artist
who was trained as a sculptor
and created two of the
world’s greatest statues- the
enormous David and the
emotional Pieta is considered
contender for the title for
the typical Renaissance man
alongside Leonardo Da Vinci.
 Major Artworks
Sistine Chapel ceiling
(fresco 1508- 1512)

Pieta
(Marble, 1498-1499)

St. Peter’s Basilica

(architecture, 1546-
1564)
David
(Marble, 1501-1504)
 High Renaissance Artists

Raphael (Rattaello Sanzio,

1488- 1520)
Architect and master painter
of the High Renaissance. He
was best for the perfection
and grace in the artworks.
Raphael was considered great
master among Leonardo Da
Vinci and Michelangelo in
the high Renaissance period.
Major Artworks

Three Graces
(Oil on panel,
1500-1505)

School of Athens
Portrait of Pope (Fresco, 1509-1510)
Julius II
(Oil on wood,
1511-1512)
 Late Renaissance/Mannerism Artists

Titian (Tiziano Vacello,

ca, 1488- 1576)
Titian was known as an
Italian painter, one of
the most versatile. He
was equally adept with
landscape paintings,
portraits and mystical
subjects.
Major Artworks

Rape of Europa
Sacred and Profane Love (Oil on
(Oil on canvas, 1560-
canvas, c. 1513-1514)
1562)
 Late Renaissance/Mannerism Artists

El Greco (1541- 1614) painter

El Greco was a Spanish
Renaissance artist of Greek
descent. El Greco combined the
strict Byzantine style of his
homeland. Greece with
influences received during his
studies in Venice and the
medieval tradition of Spain.
In Italy, his style was
embellished with components of
Venetian Renaissance and
Mannerism.
 Major Artworks

The Holy Trinity

(Oil on canvas, 1577-
1579)

The Assumption of
the Virgin
(Oil on
The Resurrection canvas, 1577-1575)
(Oil on canvas, 1584-
1594)
 This is the end of the
report!

Thank You for listening!