POEM
BAHASA DAN SASTRA INGGRIS
KELAS XI
Objectives:
• The students recognize poem as a part of literature.
Prose (prosa)
• Prose atau prosa merupakan bentuk seni tertulis yang mengandung
variasi ritme lebih besar. Jenis tulisan prose biasanya digunakan
untuk mendeskripsikan suatu fakta atau ide. Prose dapat digunakan
untuk surat kabar, novel, majalah, surat, ensiklopedia, surat serta
berbagai jenis media lain. Berikut adalah contoh prose bahasa
Inggris Chad Davidson berjudul Refinishing:
• Wood has no future. It saves all scratches. At twenty-three I helped
a woman sand her table down to grain. I touched every inch of that
table, used a belt-sander but took the corners by hand, not wanting
to burn through. I had it clean in days, then set to clear coating. I
could count my years in its surface as the tiny histories of the people
who had eaten there vanished.
Poetry (Puisi)
Poetry atau puisi adalah bentuk seni tertulis yang mengandung bahasa dengan
estetika berkualitas dan memiliki arti mendalam. Poetry bisa jadi merupakan
curahan isi hati seseorang dan dituliskan dalam kata-kata indah
bermakna. Poetry dapat berisi satu kata atau suku kata yang terus diulang-
ulang.
Contoh singkat beberapa bari bentuk poetry William Shakespeare dari poetry
‘Venus and Adonis’:
Even as the sun with purple-colour'd face
Had ta'en his last leave of the weeping morn,
Rose-cheek'd Adonis hied him to the chase;
Hunting he loved, but love he laugh'd to scorn;
Sick-thoughted Venus makes amain unto him,
And like a bold-faced suitor 'gins to woo him.
Poem (sajak)
Poem atau sajak hampir sama dengan poetry, hanya saja bentuk
penyajiannya dalam baris-baris yang teratur dan terikat. Sajak
mementingkan keselarasan bunyi bahasa dan kesepadanan
bunyi. Perbedaan poem dan poetry hanya ada pada bentuk.
Contoh sajak bahasa Inggris:
I have a pen
My pen is blue
I have my friend
My friend is you
• Poetry is a creative use of words which, like all
art, is intended to stir an emotion in the audience.
• Poetry generally has some structure that
separates it from prose.
The basic unit of poetry is the line.
It serves the same function as the sentence in
prose, although most poetry maintains the use of
grammar within the structure of the poem.
Most poems have a structure in which each line
contains a set amount of syllables; this is called
meter.
Lines are also often grouped into stanzas.
The stanza in poetry is equivalent or equal to the
paragraph in prose.
Often the lines in a stanza will have a specific
rhyme scheme.
Some of the more common stanzas are:
Couplet: a two line stanza
Triplet: a three line stanza
Quatrain: a four line stanza
Cinquain: a five line stanza
Example of a Couplet
PUMPKINS ON GUARD
Look at all the pumpkin faces
Lighting up so many places.
On the porch and in the yard,
Pumpkin faces standing guard.
Looking friendly, looking mean,
With a smile or with a scream.
Orange faces burning bright
In the cool October night.
CLASSWORK / PRACTICE
Write a couplet or triplet about Halloween
(Couplets must have at least four lines;
Triplets must have at least six lines)
Classwork/Practice
These will be displayed in class!
• Meter is the measured arrangement of words
in poetry, the rhythmic pattern of a stanza,
determined by the kind and number of lines.
• Meter is an organized way to arrange
stressed/accented syllables and
unstressed/unaccented syllables.
• Whose woods / these are / I think /I know
Rhyme is when the endings of the words sound the same. Read the poem
with me out loud.
Dust of Snow
by Robert Frost Poems of
more than
The way a crow
Shook down on me
one stanza
The dust of snow often repeat
From a hemlock tree the same
rhyme
Has given my heart
scheme in
A change of mood
And save some part
each stanza.
Of a day I had rued.
Let’s practice rhyme scheme
Determine the rhyme scheme of the following poem:
HALLOWEEN
A gentle breeze rustling the dry cornstalks.
A sound is heard, a goblin walks.
A harvest moon suffers a black cat's cry.
Oh' do the witches fly!
Bonfire catches a pumpkins gleem.
Rejoice, it's Halloween!
-Richard Anderson © Copyright 1998 HALLOWEEN
Classwork/Practice
Identify the rhyme scheme in the poems
provided on the worksheet
Repetition is the repeating of a sound, word, or phrase
for emphasis.
Inside
Inside the house
(I get ready)
Inside the car
(I go to school)
Inside the school
(I wait for the bell to ring)
Whenever you describe something by
comparing it with something else, you are
using figurative language.
Figurative language is any language that
goes beyond the literal meaning of words in
order to furnish new effects or fresh insights
into an idea or a subject.
The most common figures of speech are
simile, metaphor, and alliteration.
Figurative language is used in poetry to
compare two things that are usually not
Simile
A simile is a figure of speech in which two
essentially unlike things are compared, often
in a phrase introduced by like or as.
The clouds looked like cotton candy.
Grandpa was as stubborn as a mule.
Tom's head is as hard as a rock.
Metaphor
A metaphor is a figure of speech in which an
implied comparison is made between two
unlike things that actually have something
important in common.
Clouds are cotton
They are fluffy.
candy.
They are stubborn.
Grandpa was a mule.
They are hard.
Tom is a rock.
Alliteration is the repetition of the same sounds or of
the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words
or in stressed syllables, as in "on scrolls of silver
snowy sentences" (Hart Crane). Modern alliteration
is predominantly consonantal. To find an alliteration,
you must look the repetitions of the same consonant
sound through out a line.
Silvery snowflakes fall silently
Softly sheathing all with moonlight
Until sunrise slowly shows
Snow softening swiftly.
TOUNGE TWISTER
She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
Imagery is an appeal to the senses. The poet
describes something to help you to see, hear,
touch, taste, or smell the topic of the poem.
Fog
SEE, HEAR
The fog comes on little cat feet.
It sits looking over harbor and city SEE
on silent haunches and then moves on.
HEAR, SEE,
FEEL
A Red, Red Rose by Robert Burns
O my Luve is like a red, red rose
That’s newly sprung in June;
O my Luve is like the melody
That’s sweetly played in tune.
And I will come again, my luve,
Though it were ten thousand mile.
How Do I Love Thee? by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
(simile/metaphor/alliteration)
How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.
I love thee to the depth and breadth and height
My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight
For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.
I love thee with a love I seemed to lose
With my lost saints,—I love thee with the breath,
Smiles, tears, of all my life!—and, if God choose,
I shall but love thee better after death.
She walks in beauty, like the night (simile)
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that’s best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes;
(…)
The smiles that win, the tints that glow, (metaphore)
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!
I don’t love you as if you were a rose of salt, topaz (Simile)
or arrow of carnations that propagate fire:
I love you as one loves certain obscure things,
secretly, between the shadow and the soul.
(…)
I love you like this because I don’t know any other way to love,
except in this form in which I am not nor are you,
so close that your hand upon my chest is mine,
so close that your eyes close with my dreams. (metaphore)
If I Were King
by A. A. Milne
I often wish I were a King,
And then I could do anything.
If only I were King of Spain,
I'd take my hat off in the rain.
If only I were King of France,
I wouldn't brush my hair for aunts.
I think, if I were King of Greece,
I'd push things off the mantelpiece.
If I were King of Norway,
I'd ask an elephant to stay.
If I were King of Babylon,
I'd leave my button gloves undone.
If I were King of Timbuctoo,
I'd think of lovely things to do.
If I were King of anything,
I'd tell the soldiers, "I'm the King!"
Analyze the poem ‘If I were a king’
1. Stanza
2. Meter
3. Rhyme
4. Figurative language
5. Imagery
