ANURAG GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS
VENKATAPUR(V), GATKESAR(M), MEDCAL(D)
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON HYDROFOIL-THE WATER CYCLE
SUBMITTED BY:
S. RAVI SHANKER REDDY
17H61A03P5
ABSTRACT:-
A Hydrofoil is a specially designed hydrodynamic surface that creates
lift significantly exceeding drag. The main function of the hydrofoil is to lift the
ship's hull outside the water. At low speeds the ship's hull sits on the water and
the hydrofoils are totally submerged in water, but as the speed increases the
hydrofoils create lift, bringing the hull outside the water surface.
PRINCIPLE:-
As the speed along streamlines increases, the pressure drops.
The fluid that moves over the upper surface of the foil moves faster than the fluid
on the bottom. This is due in part to viscous effects, which lead to formation of
vertices at the end of the foil. In order to conserve angular momentum caused by
the counter-clockwise rotation of the vortices, there has to be an equal but opposite
momentum exchange to the vortex at the trailing edge of the foil. This leads to
circulation of the fluid around the foil.
HYDROFOIL BASICS:-
Many people are familiar with airfoils. Foil is simply another word for the
wing . A hydrofoil is a wing that 'flies' in water. Hydrofoil is also used to refer to
the boat to which the water wings are attached. A hydrofoil boat has two modes of
operation:
a. as a normal boat with a hull that displaces water and
b. with the hull completely out of the water and only the foils submerged.
Hydrofoils let a boat go faster by getting the hull out of the water. When a
normal boat moves forward, most of the energy expended goes into moving the
water in front of the boat out of the way. Hydrofoils lift the hull out of the water so
that you only have to overcome the drag on the foils instead of all of the drag on
the hull.
HOW IT WORKS/USED
• At low speeds the hull sits in the water and the hydrofoils are totally submerged in the water.
• As the boat's speed increases, the hydrofoils create lift.
• At a certain speed, the lift produced by the hydrofoils equals the sum of the boat and cargo weights. Therefore the
hull comes out of the water.
• Instead of having an increase in drag with increasing speed because the hull is lifted out of the water the hydrofoils
provide a more efficient way of cruising. Decreasing the drag contributes to the better use of the power needed for
the movement of the boat.
Detail of Hydrofoil:-
This explanation can be enriched with the Principle of Conservation of Momentum. If the velocity of a particle
with an initial momentum is increased, then there is a reactant momentum equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction to the difference of the momentums.
Momentum = (mass) (velocity)
a) Pressure Profile
b) Momentum Transfer
c) Circulation
d) Streamlines
Cavitation:-
Cavitation occurs when the water pressure is lowered to the point where the
water starts to boil. This frequently happens with propellers. When a propeller is
turned fast enough, the blades generate so much lift that the water flowing over the
propeller blades begins to boil. When cavitation occurs, the foil no longer generates
enough lift and the boat crashed down onto the water.
Ventilation:-
Ventilation occurs when part of a hydrofoil the surface of the water and air
gets sucked down the lifting surface of the foil. Since air is much less dense than
water, the foil generates much less lift and the boat crashes down. Ventilation can
occur at any air-water interface.
Configurations:-
Hydrofoil configurations can be divided into two general classifications,
surface piercing and fully submerged which describe how the lifting surfaces are
arranged and operate. As speed is increased, the lifting force generated by the water
flow over the submerged portion of the foils increases causing the ship to rise and
the submerged area of the foils to decrease. As indicated by the terminology, the
foils of the fully submerged concept are designed to operate at all times under the
water surface.
ADVANTAGES:-
• A hydrofoil requires only 50°/o of the power of a displacement vessel of
comparable size, for a given speed
• Greater platform stability and high speed
• Can be maintained even in seaway due to better sea keeping ability
Some Hydrofoils and Their Use:-
• Hydrofoils have become very popular. They are used in various kind of sea
traveling, from military use to water sports. The high speed, smooth cruise and
better turns delivered by hydrofoils have been used in military ships.
CONCLUSION:-
Although the basic concept of hydrofoils has been around for 85 years,
it has only been in the last 35 years through advances in materials, light weight
propulsion plants, and control theory, they have become a viable open ocean
concept. Involved. The design of a hydrofoil demonstrates the very essence of
engineering that is the trade-off and compromise among often-conflicting
requirements of many disciplines to arrive at a good balanced design.
THANK YOU
