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Fukuyama's End of History Explained

Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book The End of History and the Last Man argues that the spread of liberal democracy may mark the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution. The book discusses how Fukuyama believes history is directed towards liberal democracy, examines criticisms of other ideologies, and considers problems that may persist in liberal democratic societies. It analyzes Fukuyama's thesis that capitalist liberal democracy represents the final form of government for human societies.

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Charvi Kwatra
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104 views10 pages

Fukuyama's End of History Explained

Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book The End of History and the Last Man argues that the spread of liberal democracy may mark the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution. The book discusses how Fukuyama believes history is directed towards liberal democracy, examines criticisms of other ideologies, and considers problems that may persist in liberal democratic societies. It analyzes Fukuyama's thesis that capitalist liberal democracy represents the final form of government for human societies.

Uploaded by

Charvi Kwatra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE END OF HISTORY AND

THE LAST MAN


- BY FRANCIS FUKUYAMA
PRESENTED BY- CHARVI KWATRA
UID- UGJ21-06
PRESENTED TO- DR. MADHUKAR SHARMA
(PROFF. OF POLITICAL THOUGHT)
INTRODUCTION TO THE BOOK

 The End of History and the Last Man is a nonfiction book written by Francis Fukuyama, an
American political scientist, and first published in 1992.
 It's an expansion of Fukuyama's 1989 essay "The End of History?"

 Talks about liberal democracy


 Criticism of other ideologies
 What “end” signifies in his work
 Problems persisting in Liberal democracy
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

 Francis Fukuyama was born on October 27, 1952, in Chicago.


 Enrolled at Harvard University to pursue a PhD in Political Science
 Published one of his finest book, The End of History and the Last Man, in 1992.

 He has been a senior researcher at Stanford University's Freeman Spogli Institute for International
Studies since July 2010.
 Fukuyama's concept that the conclusion of the Cold War signalled the "end of history" has always
been divisive.
PART WISE ANALYSIS OF HIS BOOK:
PART 1: AN OLD QUESTION ASKED ANEW

 Talks about the then-recent events that prompted his thesis.


 He gives renewed optimism to everybody, in the time of pessimistic thoughts.
 Talks how regimes followed then couldn’t manage the crises.
 Inability of other regimes to the same
PART 2 : THE OLD AGE OF MANKIND

 Disagrees with Marx and believes Hegel's idea of history heading toward liberal
democracy was more accurate.
 Two mechanisms he believes underpin the liberal revolution.
 Talks about both economic and technological mechanisms
 Planned economies cannot compete with market economies because planners cannot
allocate resources as efficiently as markets can.
PART 3: THE STRUGGLE FOR RECOGNITION

 Talks about why globe have revolted to overthrow tyrannical regimes and institute liberal
democracies.
 Gives insight on "first man" at the earliest stage of history, fighting for prestige
 Humans as always across all class and national divides engaged in a struggle for personal
recognition.
 Points out this was not an idea original to Hegel
 Talks about Plato’s “thymos” and Christianity’s contribution.
PART 4: LEAPING OVER RHODES

 Phrase refers to one of the fables of Greek storyteller


 Attacks the foreign policy "realism" of the Cold War as treating contemporary facts
about nations and the balance of power as set facts that have to be accommodated.
 “facts" were contingent on a set of historical circumstances, now changed.
 "post-historical" world where cultures are drawn together through ties of international
trade and cooperation.
PART 5: THE LAST MAN

 Considering the challenges and problems that face the "last man" at the end of History.
 Incomplete application of liberal democracy.
 Persistence of megalothymia
 Too much emphasis on the rights of citizens and not enough on citizens' duties to their
communities and society.
MAIN IDEAS:

 HISTORY MOVES TOWARDS PROGRESS AND HAS A SHAPE


 CAPITALIST ECONOMY IS INEVITABLE
 LIBERAL DEMOCRACY IS THE BEST FORM OF GOVERNMENT
CONCLUSION:

 IMPORTANT TO KNOW THINKING AND AIM OF POLITICAL THINKERS


 IDEOLOGIES CAN HELP US GROW
 GIVES HISTORY OF POLITICAL REGIMES PRESENT

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