Presented by: To have a great market for this temperate fruit, the
Curt Joseph C. Castillo
Janella D. Dayrit company that grows and market a variety of peaches
Romina R. Salazar
specifically supplemented the fruit with a feature that
enhanced the size.
PEACH PERFECT
https://QUESTION:How-did-the-company-do-it?
o Peach is one of the best known species genetically among tree
crops as its genome size is short (230 mbp), diploid with
eight pairs of chromosomes (Arús et al., 2012).
PLANT BREEDING
Simple breeding
+
feature Modern breeding
for size
enhancement
Modern breeding
Recombinant DNA
Technology
• Plants can be genetically
manipulated in an
Agrobacterium-mediated
gene transfer :
(1) inserting functional non-
plant genes;
(2) transferring genes from one
plant species to another;
(3) changing the control of
native genes.
Expected outcome for peaches: The transgenic peach plant
will have an increase uptake of nitrogen nutrient.
Modern breeding
Direct DNA Transfer
Electroporation Microinjection Biolistics
Introduction of DNA into plant Involves the mechanical insertion A combination of biological and
cells is by making minute pores of the desirable DNA into a target ballistics.
in the plant cell membrane cell.
Modern breeding
CRISPR
Technologies
• Cell number plays an important
role in fruit size of peaches
Phytohormon
(Scorzal et al., 1991). es
• Peach growth involves cell
production and cell enlargement Plant culture
during final period (Coombe,
1976). Peach Genome
Gene editing to enhance
• CRISPR-Cas9 technology used on
tomato shown that transgenic
plants produced more organs and
larger fruits (Ma et al., 2015).
They produced larger tomato by
destructing the CLAVATA-
WUSCHEL stem cell pathway.
CONCLUSION
SELECTIVE BREEDING Minimal cost and supports natural Good and bad traits will be
processes like pollination and does transferred, with longer time and
not involve antibiotics and other no guaranteed passing of desired
toxins. trait to offspring.
MODERN BREEDING Reduced use of pesticides, and Danger of antibiotic resistance
increase qualities of plants and bacteria, damage the ecosystem,
better and faster yields rise of more allergies and toxicity
from GMOs.
In this case, several biotechnological approaches
were applied to enhance peach size such as:
• Adding nitrogen-fixing encoding genes or directly
inserting a gene to enhance fruit size via RDT
• Knocking out (gene name) from peach DNA to stimulate
flower and fruit production from meristem cells via
CRISPR-Cas9 technology
References
Arús, P., Verde, I., Sosinski, B. et al. The peach genome. Tree Genetics &
Genomes 8, 531–547 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-012-0493-8
Coombe, B. G. (1976). The development of fleshy fruits. Annual Review of Plant
Physiology, 27(1), 207-228.
Scorzal, R., May, L. G., Purnell, B., & Upchurch, B. (1991). Differences in number
and area of mesocarp cells between small-and large-fruited peach cultivars.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 116(5), 861-864.
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