BRONZE STAR
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
Bronze Star
• Assessment
• Assessor
• Description of tasks
• Duration
• Access and equity
• Complaints, grievances and appeal policy
• Course outline
• History or RLSSA Australia and Western Australia
• The culture of life saving
• Legal Considerations
• The Good Samaritan
• How to call for help
The Chain of Survival
THE CHAIN OF SURVIVAL DESCRIBES THE SEQUENCE OF CRITICAL INTERVENTION
STAGES IN THE INITIAL CARE OF A CARDIAC ARREST PATIENT.
The critical stages are:
Early Call For Help
• It is essential to attend the casualty and call for help as soon as possible.
Early CPR
• This will increase the casualty’s chance of survival by encouraging oxygenated blood flow to
the brain.
Early Defibrillation
• The restoration of an adequate heart rhythm is necessary for the casualty to survive a cardiac
arrest.
Post Resuscitation Care
• Transportation of the casualty to hospital by ambulance should not be delayed to enable
further treatment and monitoring of their condition.
Emergency Care Procedure
Check for danger to yourself, bystanders and the casualty. Can whatever caused the problem,
D DANGER harm you or others? Check up down and all around to casualty.
Assess the level of consciousness.
R RESPONSE Check if the casualty is conscious by asking questions and squeezing their shoulders.
S SEND FOR HELP Get bystanders to call for help Ring 000 give clear, precise information
Check and clear the airway
1. Open the mouth and look inside for foreign matter (DO NOT TILT HEAD)
A AIRWAY 2. Roll onto side if foreign matter is seen then remove by scooping downwards with fingers.
3. If no foreign matter is seen leave casualty on their back.
Check for breathing:
Tilt head back, look listen and feel for 10 seconds ( 2 breathing cycles)
With airway open place cheek to mouth to feel for breathing, one hand placed on diaphragm looking
B BREATHING down chest to feel and see chest rising.
If casualty is breathing but unconscious place in the recovery position and monitor ABC. Seek medical
assistance
C CPR 30 compressions : 2 rescue breaths
Attach AED as soon as possible
D DEFIBRILLATION Follow the directions of the AED
Resuscitation summary chart
Adult & Child 1-8 Infant up to 1
older child year
Head tilt Full Full None
Chest pressure 2 Hands 1-2 Hands 2 Fingers
Hand placement Centre of Chest
CPR Ratio 30 Compressions 2 Breaths
Compressions per Approximately 100 Per Minute
min
Compression depth One third of the Chest depth
Breathing Full Half Puff
Resuscitation
Airway
Head tilt jaw support
Rescue breathing
mouth to mouth
mouth to mask
mouth to nose
mouth to stoma
mouth to mouth and nose
Complications of rescue breathing
If the chest does not rise
If casualty begins to vomit
If there is air in the stomach
Compressions
Two operator resuscitation
Secondary survey
History
Allergies
Medical alert
Medication
RESUSCITATION DURING PREGNANCY
When resuscitation a casualty believed to be pregnant, complications may
occur resulting from pressure on the stomach, diaphragm and lungs from the
baby. To provide an optimal situation for resuscitation; padding should be
placed under the right buttock of the casualty, to create a ‘LEFT LATERAL
TILT’
ensuring reduced pressure on blood vessels and therefore unrestricted flow of
blood back to the heart.
Defibrillation
• What is defibrillation
• The role of the AED
• Why use an AED
• Operation of an AED
• Steps to using an AED
Cardiac Emergencies
• Angina attack
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• Heart attack
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• Congestive heart failure
• Signs and symptoms
Choking
Signs and symptoms for mild and severe airway obstructions
What to do for mild and severe airway obstructions
Adult And Child
Infants Under 1 Year
Check mouth for object after each back blow or chest thrust
CHOKING FLOW CHART - MILD & SEVERE SYMPTOMS
First aid
• Shock
• Main causes
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• Hyperventilation
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• Bleeding
• PER
• Convulsions and seizures
• Febrile convulsions
• Epilepsy
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment Tonic Clonic
• Altered conscious state
• Diabetes
• Hypoglycaemia
• Hyperglycaemia
Heat induced illness
• Heat Exhaustion
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• Heat stroke
Signs and symptoms
Treatment
Cold induced illness
• Hypothermia
Signs and symptoms
Treatment
Body Temperature Chart
26 Unconscious
29 Hypothermia
32 Very cold (Stop shivering)
35 Cold
37 Normal
37-39 Fever
39+ High fever
42 Unconscious
Bites and Stings
HEAT ICE VINEGAR P.I.T
Stone fish Red back Box Jellyfish Funnel web
Stingray White tail Irukandji Snakes
Bull rout Bees Blue ringed
Blue bottle Jelly fish Cone shell
Cobbler Centipede
Sea urchin Scorpion
Anything Stop All stings To slow
with spines swelling above the tropics down poison
P.I.T
Anaphylaxis
• Allergies
• Signs and symptoms
• Treatment
• How to administer an Epi pen
Standard water safety signs
INFORMATIVE AND
REGULATORY SIGNS WARNING SIGNS PERMISSIVE SIGNS
AQUA CODE
Aquatic Environment
Rivers, Lake and Dams
• Dangers
• How to stay safe
Beach and Ocean
• Dangers
• How to stay safe
Swimming pool
• Dangers
• How to stay safe
Home
• Dangers
• How to stay safe
ROCK FISHING SAFETY – KEY MESSAGES
from Recfishwest
DON’T PUT YOUR LIFE ON THE LINE
Tell someone where you are going
Never fish alone
Observe first, fish later
Know the area, know the conditions.
Wear appropriate clothing
Wear a PDF
Plan your escape
Use appropriate Public Safety Equipment
Stay alert
If you go in…
Stay calm, swim away from the rocks and remove any heavy or waterlogged clothing. Float on your back
and await rescue, or if you’re capable, swim ashore to the safe area you identified from your initial
observations.
If you see someone else go in…
Do not jump in if someone is washed into the water. Use your rope or something that floats to help rescue
the person. If there’s public safety equipment nearby, know how to use it. Dial 000 or the local Sea Rescue
to get help.
For more information please visit www.recfishwest.org.au 9246 3366
TYPES OF ENTRIES
Slide in entry
Compact Jump
Stride Entry
Dive in Entry
Step in Entry Accidental Fall in
Wade Entry
HEAD FIRST AND FEET FIRST SURFACE DIVE
RESCUES
Self preservation is a priority
4 A’s in any rescue
• Awareness
• Assessment
• Action
• Aftercare
Categories of persons in difficulty
• Non Swimmer
• Weak swimmer
• Injured swimmer
• Unconscious
Rescue techniques
• Non swimming –Talk-reach-throw-wade-row
• Swimming rescues- swim-tow
TALK, REACH, THROW, WADE, ROW, SWIM, TOW
TO RIDE THE WAVE REALLY SAFE TODAY
Resuscitation in the water
Shallow water resuscitation
Deep water resuscitation
CONTACT TOW TECHNIQUES
Wrist tow Vice Grip tow Double armpit tow
Clothes tow Cross chest tow Double shoulder Tow
Armpit Tow Support Tow
Head Tow
DEMONSTRATION OF TEA BAG LIFT
DEFENSIVE POSITIONS
Help And Huddle
SPINAL INJURIES
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
Management
VICE GRIP – PERFORMED IN DEEP WATER
EXTENDED ARM ROLLOVER
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES
Survival in deep water depends on the ability to use the following:
• KNOWLEDGE – to understand what to do
• JUDGEMENT – to decide what to do
• SKILL – to perform what is required
• FITNESS – to achieve the desired results
The key to survival in cold water
Individual survival strategy
Group survival strategy
YOU LOSE HEAT FROM YOUR HEAD, SIDES OF CHEST AND YOUR GROIN
Putting on a PFD
Search Patterns
Closed Water Search pattern
Open water search pattern
TYPES OF DRUGS AND THEIR AFFECTS
TYPE OF DRUG EXAMPLES AFFECT
Affect central nervous system to speed
Stimulants Speed, cocaine up physical and mental activity
Cause changes in mood, sensation,
Hallucinogens LSD thought and self-awareness
Alcohol, Affect central nervous system to slow
Depressants down physical and mental activity
Marijuana
Solvents and Glue, paint
Create intoxicating effect
Aerosols thinners
“Almost half of all drowning
deaths amongst young
adults in Western Australia
are contributed to by
alcohol.”
