INPUT-OUTPUT INTERFACE
BY : PRASHANT RAWAT
TOPICS
Peripheral Devices
ASCII Alphanumeric Characters
Input-Output interface
I/O Bus and Interface Module
I/O versus Memory Bus
Isolated Versus Memory Bus
Example of I/O Interface
Summary
PERIPHERAL DEVICES
A device used to put information into or get information out of the
computer.
Types of Peripheral Devices
Input Devices i.e. (mouse, keyboard)
Output Devices i.e. (Monitor, printer)
Input/output Devices i.e. (touch screen device)
Peripheral device generally defines as any auxiliary device such as
computer mouse or keyboard.
Other examples of Peripheral Devices.
Image scanner, Tape drivers, digital cameras, Webcams, Microphones,
Loudspeakers, digital watches, tablet computers, smartphones etc.
Common Input Devices
Barcode readers, light pens, keyboards, computer mouse, touchscreens, digital
cameras, etc.
Common Output Devices
Computer displays, printers, projectors, computer speakers, etc.
ASCII Alphanumeric Characters
Stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Standard seven bit code that was first proposed by American
National Standards Institute or ANSI in 1963 and finalized in
1968 as ANSI Standard 3.4.
WHY ASCII?
To provide a standard to (visible or invisible) code various symbol.
In ASCII, each binary value (0 -127) represents a specific character.
Assigns standard numeric values to
letters, numbers, punctuation
marks and other characters such as
control codes.
Example: ‘A’ is represented by decimal
number ’65’.
Generally computer converts
human understandable language
into binary language with help of
ASCII character set.
Computer can read only binary
numbers i.e. 0 & 1.
INPUT- OUTPUT INTERFACE
Interface is the point of contact between two parts of the system.
Computer systems include special hardware components between
CPU and peripherals to supervise or synchronize all input and
output transfer.
I/O subsystem or interface provides efficient mode of
communication.
PERIPHERALS CPU
Electro-mechanical and electro-magnetic Electronic device
device.
Data transfer rate is slower. Data transfer rate is faster.
Data in form of codes. Data in form of words.
I/O Bus Data
Address
Processor
Control
Interface Interface Interface Interface
Keyboard and
display Printer Magnetic disk Magnetic tape
terminal
Fig 1.1 Connection of I/O bus to input-output devices
I/O bus consist of three lines.
Data lines.
Address lines.
Control lines.
Each peripheral device is associated with an interface unit.
It also synchronizes the data flow and supervise the transfer
between peripherals and processors.
Types of Commands
Control command
Status command
Data output command
Data input command
I/O VERSUS MEMORY BUS
I/O bus
1880 Mbps 1056 Mbps
Memory
CPU
Crossbar
CPU accesses physical memory over a bus.
Devices access memory over I/O bus with DMA.
Devices can appear to be a region of memory.
ISOLATED VERSUS MEMOERY-MAPPED I/O
Isolated I/O:
Separate all I/O interface addresses from memory addresses.
CPU has distinct input and Output instructions.
Memory address and I/O address has its own address space.
Memory- Mapped I/O
Same address space used for both memory and I/O.
No specific I/O instruction.
Used same instruction for both I/O transfer and memory transfer.
Bidirectional I/O data
Port A
Data bus Bus Buffers Register
I/O data
Chip select Port B
CS Register
EXAMPLE OF I/O INTERFACE
RS1
Register select Timing Control
RS0 Control
and register
control
Internal bus
I/O read
RD
Status
I/O write WR Status register
To CPU To I/O device
CS RS1 RS2 Register selected
0 X X None: data bus in high - impedance
1 0 0 Port A register
1 0 1 Port B register
1 1 0 Control register
1 1 1 Status register
Let’s Summarize…!!!
