REAL RATIONAL
NUMBERS
(as opposed to fake numbers?)
and Properties
Part 1 (introduction)
STANDARD: AF 1.3 Apply algebraic
order of operations and the commutative,
associative, and distributive properties to
evaluate expressions: and justify each step in
the process.
Student Objective:
• Students will apply order of operations to
solve problems with rational numbers and apply
their properties, by performing the correct
operations, using math facts skills, writing
reflective summaries, and scoring 80%
proficiency
Set A collection of objects.
Set Notation { }
Natural Counting numbers {1,2,3, …}
numbers
Whole Natural numbers and 0.
Numbers {0,1,2,3, …}
Vocabulary
Integers Positive and negative natural
numbers and zero {… -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …}
Rational A real number that can be expressed
Number as a ratio of integers (fraction)
Irrational Any real number that is not rational.
Number 2 ,
Real Numbers All numbers associated with
the number line.
Essential Questions:
• How do you know if a number is a
rational number?
• What are the properties used to
evaluate rational numbers?
Two Kinds of Real Numbers
• Rational Numbers
• Irrational Numbers
Rational Numbers
• A rational number is EXAMPLES OF
a real number that RATIONAL NUMBERS
can be written as a •16
ratio of two •1/2
integers. •3.56
• A rational number •-8
written in decimal •1.3333…
form is terminating •-3/4
or repeating.
Irrational Numbers
• An irrational • Square roots of
number is a
number that non-perfect
cannot be written “squares”
as a ratio of two
integers. 17
• Irrational numbers
written as decimals
are non- • Pi- īī
terminating and
non-repeating.
Real Numbers
Rational numbers Irrational numbers
Integers
Whole
numbers
Rational Numbers
Natural Numbers - Natural counting numbers.
1, 2, 3, 4 …
Whole Numbers - Natural counting numbers and zero.
0, 1, 2, 3 …
Integers - Whole numbers and their opposites.
… -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …
Rational Numbers - Integers, fractions, and decimals.
Ex: -0.76, -6/13, 0.08, 2/3
Making Connections
Biologists classify animals based on
shared characteristics. The horned
lizard is an animal, a reptile, a lizard,
and a gecko. Rational Numbers are
classified this way as well!
Animal
Reptile
Lizard
Gecko
Venn Diagram: Naturals, Wholes, Integers, Rational
Real Numbers
Rationals
6.7 0.8
Integers
5 11 5 3
Wholes 2
9 0 7
Naturals
1, 2, 3...
Reminder
• Real numbers are • IRRATIONAL
all the positive, NUMBERS are
negative, fraction, usually decimals
and decimal that do not
numbers you terminate or repeat.
have heard of. They go on forever.
• They are also • Examples: π
called Rational
Numbers. 2
3
Properties
A property is something that is true for all
situations.
Four Properties
1. Distributive
2. Commutative
3. Associative
4. Identity properties of one and
zero
Distributive Property
A(B + C) = AB + BC
4(3 + 5) = 4x3 + 4x5
Commutative Property
of addition and multiplication
Order doesn’t matter
AxB=BxA
A+B=B+A
Associative Property of
multiplication and Addition
Associative Property (a · b) · c = a · (b · c)
Example: (6 · 4) · 3 = 6 · (4 · 3)
Associative Property (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
Example: (6 + 4) + 3 = 6 + (4 + 3)
Identity Properties
If you add 0 to any number, the number stays
the same.
A + 0 = A or 5 + 0 = 5
If you multiply any number times 1, the
number stays the same.
Ax1=A or 5 x 1 = 5
Example 1: Identifying Properties of Addition and
Multiplication
Name the property that is illustrated in each
equation.
A. (–4) 9 = 9 (–4)
(–4) 9 = 9 (–4) The order of the numbers changed.
Commutative Property of Multiplication
B.
The factors are grouped
differently.
Associative Property of Addition
Example 2: Using the Commutative and
Associate Properties
Simplify each expression. Justify each step.
29 + 37 + 1
29 + 37 + 1 = 29 + 1 + 37 Commutative Property
of Addition
Associative Property of
= (29 + 1) + 37
Addition
= 30 + 37 Add.
= 67
Exit Slip!
Name the property that is illustrated in each equation.
1. (–3 + 1) + 2 = –3 + (1 + 2) Associative Property of Add.
2. 6 y 7=6 ● 7 ● y Commutative Property of Multiplication
Simplify the expression. Justify each step.
3. 22
Write each product using the Distributive Property.
Then simplify
4. 4(98) 392
5. 7(32) 224
