Chapter 1 Nature

of tourism in
Malaysia
Hb101 Malaysia Eco-Tourism
 LEARNING OUTCOME
•Upon learning this chapter, you
would be able to:
•Define Tourism.
•Differentiate between Mass Tourism and
Alternative Tourism

2 HB101 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 Introduction

• Business of hospitality and

travel – TOURISM
• continued growth and
deepening diversification -
one of the fastest growing
economic sectors in the world

3
 WHAT IS TOURISM?

“The temporary movement of people to

destinations outside their normal places of work
and residence the activities taken during their
stay in those destinations, and the facilities
created to cater to their needs”

• Includes wide array – people, activities &

facilities

4
 TOURISM

Increase in :
 Real income Lead to:
 Leisure time
 Mobility
 technological Strong demand
 improvements in
communications for TOURISM
 International
globally
transportation
 West countries
demographic changes

5
 TOURISM

• Why TOURISM?
business volume of tourism equals or even
surpasses that of oil exports, food products or
automobiles.
one of the major players in international
commerce
main income sources for many developing
countries
increasing diversification and competition
among destinations

6
 “A tourist attraction is a
systematic arrangement of
three elements: a person with
touristic needs, a nucleus (any ATTRACTION
feature or characteristic of a
place they might visit) and at Attraction – main
least one marker (information reason to travel
about the nucleus).”
Leiper 1990

7
 ATTRACTION
cultural
(e.g. historical sites,
museums),

natural
(e.g. parks, flora and
Tourism fauna),
attractions as a
events
fundamental
Categories (e.g. festivals,
element of the religious events),
tourist
experience.
Recreation
(e.g. golf, hiking)

entertainment
(e.g. theme parks,
cinemas)

8 HB101 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 ATTRACTION
MacCannell (1989):

• empirical relationships between a tourist , a site and a marker

Lew (1987):

• 1. Ideographic: concrete uniqueness of a site

• 2. Organizational: size of the area
• 3. Cognitive: the feeling of being a tourist

Leiper (1990)

• 1. A person with touristic needs

• 2. A nucleus
• 3. At least one market

9 HB101 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 MASS TOURISM vs ALTERNATIVE TOURISM

• Mass tourism –
•destinations with a massive influx of tourists
•predominantly unsustainable new developments

• Alternative tourism –
•promotes a just form of travel between members
of different communities.
•sustainable in nature

10
11
 MASS TOURISM

Non local Usage of non

orientation local products

High volume Seasonality

marketing based

Displacing Man made

locals through attractions and
development developments

12 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 ALTERNATIVE TOURISM

Depends on unspoiled environment

The needs of local people

Natural and cultural resources as forefront

Eliminating outside influences

13 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

14 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia
 ALTERNATIVE TOURISM - Advantages

CHANNELS REVENUE GENERATES REVENUE FOR AVOIDS LEAKAGE OF

DIRECTLY TO FAMILIES LOCAL COMMUNITY REVENUE OUTSIDE HOST
(HOUSING) COUNTRY

SUITS COST-CONSCIENCE PROMOTES

TRAVELLERS OR THOSE INTERNATIONAL
PREFERRING CLOSE -INTERREGIONAL-
CONTACT WITH LOCALS INTERCULTURAL
UNDERSTANDING

15 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 ALTERNATIVE
TOURISM -
Benefit
 Accommodation
 Attraction
 Market
 Economic
 Regulations

16 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 TOURISM - MALAYSIA

• One of the top Asia countries for tourism

• Historical places, islands and beaches,
shopping, festivals and events etc
• Brand -

17
 Separated by:
Peninsular Malaysia – 11
states & 2 federal
territories (KL &
Putrajaya)
East Malaysia – Sabah,
Sarawak & Labuan
TOURISM - MALAYSIA
18 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia
 TOURISM - MALAYSIA

• Geographically diverse
mountains, sandy
beaches, forests, island,
mangroves, caves etc

19
20 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia
 TOURISM - MALAYSIA
• boasts at least
15,000 species of
flowering plants,
286 species of
mammals, 150,000
species of
invertebrates, and
4,000 species of
fishes in addition to
the countless
micro-organisms.

21 HB101 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 TOURISM - MALAYSIA

Malaysia potential for

ECOTOURISM
destinations blessed
with variety of
ecosystems area focused
by the government .
So, what is
ECOTOURISM?

22 HB101 Chapter 1 Nature of tourism in Malaysia

 To be continued…

23