TALLA PADMAVATHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI, JNTUH, ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED)
NAAC ACCREDITED SOMIDI(V), TEKULAGUDEM ROAD, KAZIPET, WARANGAL.
A PRESENTATION
ON
PRE CAST CONSTRUCTION
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR ( CIVIL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT)
PRESENTED BY :
D. SNEHA (19UC5A0113)
PRECAST CONSTRUCTION
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PRE CAST CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
PRE CAST IN BUILDING
PRECAUTIONS
PRE CAST IN BRIDGE
TYPES OF BRIDGES
ADVANTAGES
PRE CAST BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
PRE STRESSED GIRDERS
PRECAUTIONS
REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
Precast Concrete is a construction product
produced by casting concrete in a reusable
mold or "form" which is then cured in a
controlled environment, transported to the
construction site and lifted into place. In
contrast, standard concrete is poured into
site-specific forms and cured on site.
also known as "prefabricated“
produced in plants in a location away from
the construction site
These components are manufactured by
industrial methods based on mass
production in order to build a large number
of buildings in a short time at low cost.
PRE-CAST CONCRETE PRODUCTS
Precast concrete building
components and site amenities
Earth retaining systems
Sanitary and Storm water
management products
Precast concrete transportation
products
Marine Products
Pre-stressed / Structural Products
ADVANTAGES
Concrete is cast off site
Identical forms can used several times
Batter quality control
Control on curing
Un affected by weather , when casting
Construction in less time
Less cost
Waste materials can be used
( fly ash)
Fire resistant
Can avoid air born pollution on site
( dusting )
DISADVANTAGES
Costlier for small projects
Required skilled workers
Transportation is costly of large members for
small projects.
It’s required to be design and detailed for
transportation, erection.
Required different site for its production
PRECAST IN BUILDING
A whole building can be construct.
Precast beams, columns, footings,
floors, roofs, walls and stairs
Erection on site with care
Depending on the load-bearing
structure, Precast buildings by former
Soviet Union and Eastern European
countries can be divided into the
following categories:
· Large-panel systems
· Frame systems
· Slab-column systems
LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS
"large-panel system“ composed of large
wall and floor concrete panels connected
in the vertical and horizontal.
Panels form a box-like structure .
Both vertical and horizontal panels resist
gravity load.
Wall panels are usually one story high.
Horizontal floor and roof panels span
either as one-way or two-way slabs.
When properly joined together, these
horizontal elements act as diaphragms
that transfer the lateral loads to the walls.
LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS
FRAME SYSTEMS
Precast frames can be constructed using either linear elements or spatial beam-column
sub-assemblages.
The connecting faces are at the beam-column junctions.
The beams can be seated on corbels at the columns, for ease of construction.
To aid the shear transfer from the beam to the column. The beam-column joints
accomplished in this way are hinged.
However, rigid beam-column connections are used in some cases, when the continuity
of longitudinal reinforcement through the beam-column joint needs to be ensured.
FRAME SYSTEMS
CONNECTIONS-COLUMN TO BASE
CONNECTIONS-COLUMN
CONNECTIONS-SLAB TO BEAM
CONNECTIONS-COLUMN TO BEAM
CARE TO TAKE DURING CASTING
Good formwork to be used
Lubricant should be applied to forms
Quality concrete to be used
Suitable method of vibration should be used
Water for Curing should be good
Steam curing can be use for mass production, if cost is available
CARE TO TAKE AT PLANT
Once a piece has been fabricated, it is
necessary to remove it from the mold without
being damaged.
Breakaway forms should be used to allow a
member to lift away from the casting bed
without becoming wedged within the form
Orientation of members during storage,
shipping and final in-place position is critical
Sand bed will help protect edge
Tilt tables or turning rigs are used to reduce
stripping stresses
Warpage in storage may be caused by
temperature or shrinkage differential
between surfaces
creep
The member should be oriented in the yard
so that the sun does not overheat one side
CARE TO TAKE DURING
TRANSPORTATION
The loads and forces on precast and
pre-stressed concrete members during
production, transportation or erection
will frequently require a separate
analysis
Support points and orientation are
usually different from members in
their final position
it may be necessary to cast in extra
lifting devices to facilitate these
maneuvers.
The number and location of lifting
devices are chosen to keep stresses
within the allowable limits
special handling required by the
design should be clearly shown on
drawings
CARE TO TAKE DURING
TRANSPORTATION
Lifting points must be located to keep
member stresses within limits and to ensure
proper alignment of the piece as it is being
lifted
Members with unsymmetrical geometry or
projecting sections may require
supplemental lifting points to achieve even
support during handling
“Come-alongs” or “chain-falls” are
frequently used for these auxiliary lines
When the member has areas of small cross
section or large cantilevers, it may be
necessary to add a structural steel “strong
back” to the piece to provide added strength
temporary loads
CARE ON SITE OF CONSTRUCTION
The project can be economical, considering the following factors:
Stability and stresses on the element during handling
Transportation size and weight regulations and equipment restrictions
Available crane capacity at both the plant and the project site.
Position of the crane must be considered, since capacity is a function of reach
Storage space, truck turning radius, and other site restrictions
CASE STUDY
Superstructure – Precast concrete framing
Precast beams : 24”x12” spanning 21’
Precast columns : 16”x16” & 20”x20”
Foundation – (concrete masonry unit) CMU foundation/retaining walls, precast piers
Floor System – 10” precast plank with 2” topping
Façade – Stone & precast panels
Roof System – Steel framing with metal deck; precast plank
Typical story height of 13’
PRECAST IN BRIDGE
Bridge can also construct with
precast.
Parts of a bridge, Substructures and
superstructures
In India growth of precast in bridge
is slow
But, Precast is growing continues
very rapidly in other countries, not
only for bridges in the short span
range, but also for spans in excess
of 45 meters.
Based on type of bridge and site
condition method of construction is
to be adopted.
TYPES OF BRIDGES
Culvert
T-Beam deck slab bridge
Arch bridge
Cantilever bridges
Continuous bridges
Suspension bridges
Cable-stayed bridges
ADVANTAGES
Prestressed concrete bridges are usually lower in first cost than all other types of
bridges.
With savings in maintenance, precast bridges offer maximum economy.
Every operation in the manufacturing process provides a point of inspection and
control over quality
Faster construction
Formwork of the superstructure can be eliminate
Piers, Abutments and wing walls can be made of precast concrete pieces quickly
assembled on the field.
Precast concrete bridges can be installed during all seasons
The durability of precast prestressed concrete bridge is good and the resulting low
maintenance requirements.
No painting is needed.
Superstructure can be made as shallow as possible in order to provide maximum
clearance with good structural designing
Greater fire resistance and design aesthetic is another advantage.
PRECAST BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION
T-Beam deck slab bridge
Simplest type of Precast bridge, most
of the bridges in India are of this type
Sub- structure is cast in situ
In superstructure, Main girders are
precast post tensioned, casted away
from site and are transported to site.
Secondary girders and Deck slab are
casted on Precast post tensioned
girders on site or precast slab can be
used.
PRESTRESSED GIRDERS
Post tensioning technique is to be used
in girders
In post tensioning, the concrete units
are casted bye incorporating duct to
house the tendons, when concrete
attains sufficient strength, high-tension
wires are tensioned bye means of
jacks, after then the duct is grouted.
Forces are transmitted to the concrete
at the end anchorage
PRESTRESSED GIRDER MAKING
REFERANCES
Internet , “Google”,– Images
Internet, “Youtude”,- Videos
THANK YOU
