DEPRESSION
Presented To: Ma’am Samia
Sarwar
Presented By: Sana Zahra,
Sidra, Faiza, Nazia and
Maryam
What is Depression?
Everyone occasionally feels blue
or sad. But these feelings are
usually short-lived and pass
within a couple of days. When
you have depression, it
interferes with daily life and
causes pain for both you and
those who care about you.
Depression is a common but
serious illness.
Definition
Depression is a common
mental disorder that
presents with depressed
mood, loss of interest or
pleasure, feelings of guilt
or low self-worth,
disturbed sleep or
appetite, low energy, and
poor concentration.
Cont….
Depression is a Mood disorder . Also
called major depressive disorder or
clinical depression, it affects how
you feel, think and behave and can
lead to a variety of emotional and
physical problems. You may have
trouble doing normal day-to-day
activities, and sometimes you may
feel as if life isn’t worth living.
DEPRESSION VS
SADNESS
Depression can affect someone’s
mood, cause them to feel
drained, and cause someone to
feel down for weeks/ months.
Sadness doesn’t last very long, it
can be something that makes
you sad that day and then you
eventually got over it.
Prevalence
Depression occurs in persons of all
genders, ages, and backgrounds.
Depression is common, affecting
about 121 million people
worldwide.
Depression is among the leading
causes of disability worldwide.
Depression can be diagnosed and
treated in primary care
Facts about
Depression
Women are more than twice
as likely to become depressed
as men.
Hundreds of thousands of
medications are given out
each year to treat depression.
Tends to run in families
The Brain
Depression strikes all
over the brain, involving
the cerebral cortex,
amygdala, hippocampus,
hypothalamus, and other
regions.
Depression also lower
the ability to reason.
Depression DSM-
5 Diagnostic
Criteria
At least 5 of the following have to been
present during the same 2 week period.
Depressed mood most of the day,
nearly every day.
Markedly diminished interest or
pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
most of the day, nearly every day.
Significant weight loss when not
dieting or weight gain, or decrease or
increase in appetite nearly every day.
A slowing down of thought and a
reduction of physical movement.
Cont.….
Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every
day.
Feeling of worthlessness or excessive or
inappropriate guilt nearly every day.
Diminished ability to think or
concentrate or indecisiveness, nearly
every day.
Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent
suicidal ideation without a specific plan,
or a suicide attempt or a specific plan
for committing suicide.
What illness often
exist with Depression?
Obsessive compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Social Phobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Depression also may occur with other
serious medical illness such as heart
disease, stroke, Cancer, HIV/AIDS,
diabetes and Parkinson’s disease.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Causes of Depression
1.Genetic or Hereditary
2.Environmental
3.Socio Cultural Factors/
Situations/Relationships/
Personality.
Diagnosis
o History Collection
o Mental Status
Examination
o Tests
• The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)
• The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)
• The Rome Depression Inventory (RDI)
• The Self-Assessment Scale for
Depression
PSYCHOTHERAPY
• Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy(CBT)
CBT helps people with
depression, restructure
negative thought
patterns.
Interpersonal
Therapy(IPT)
IPT helps people
understand and work
through troubled
relationships that may
cause their depression.
DRUG THERAPY
Drugs are the most commonly
used treatments for mood
disorders.
Three categories of
antidepressant drugs:
Tricyclics
Selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs)
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
inhibitors
ELECTROCONVULSIV
E THERAPY
For cases in which
medication or
psychotherapy does not help
relieve a person’s treatment,
electroconvulsive therapy
may be useful.
Thank you
