Digital Image Processing
CSC331
Introduction
[email protected]
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My Introduction
• Muhammad Nouman Noor
Lecturer
EDUCATION
2020 – Cont. HITEC University Taxila
Ph.D. Major: Computer Vision, Deep Learning
2017 – 2019 Bahria University Islamabad
MS Major: Machine Learning, Deep Learning
More then 6 years of experience in Industry as a
Software Engineer
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Course Description
• CSC331– Digital Image Processing
• Number of Credit Hours: 3 credits
• Catalog Description:
– This course covers the fundamental concepts
related to digital images and their processing. Topics
covered include image processing fundamentals,
image pre-processing, image segmentation, image
compression, image representation, image
description and object recognition.
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Definition
• Processing of images which are Digital in
nature by digital Computers.
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Why do we need to image processing ?
• Motivation by three major applications
– Improvement of pictorial information for human
perception
– Image processing for autonomous machine
applications
– Efficient storage and transmission
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Human Perception
• Methods for enhancing pictorial information
for human interpretation and analysis
– Common applications are
• Noise filtering
• Content enhancement
– Contrast
– De-blurring
• Remote sensing
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Noise Filtering
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Contrast enhancement
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Contrast enhancement
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De-blurring
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Medical Imaging
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Medical Imaging
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Medical Imaging
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Remote Sensing
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Remote Sensing
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Remote Sensing
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Weather Forecasting
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Atmospheric study
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Astronomy
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Astronomy
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Machine vision applications
• Extract the image information for further
computer processing
• Common applications are:
– Industrial machine vision for product assembly
and inspection
– Automated target detection and tracking
– Finger print recognition
– Machine processing of aerial and satellite imagery
for weather prediction and crop assessment
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Automated inspection
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Video sequence processing
• To detect moving objects in image sequence
for further processing
– Some applications are
• Detection and tracking of moving targets for security
surveillance
• Finding the trajectory of moving targets
• Monitoring the movements of organ boundaries in
medical applications
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Application
• By single camera tracking
– Find out what is the Azimuth and elevation of that
particular object with respect to certain difference
coordinate system.
• By 2 different cameras tracking
– Azimuth and elevation + can identify X Y Z coordinate of
that object with respect to that 3 D coordinate system
– locating those locations in different frames, we can find out
that over the time which path the object is following
– also we can determine that what is the trajectory that the
moving object follows
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Image Formats
• Compression
– An image contains redundant information which
can be exploited for achieving compression
– Three types of redundancy
• The first kind of redundancy is called a pixel
redundancy
• The second kind of redundancy is called a coding
redundancy
• Third kind of redundancy is called a psycho visual
redundancy.
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Pixel redundancy
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Applications
• Storage space reduction
• Bandwidth reduction
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Compression
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Lossy compression
• Remove redundancy as will as also remove
some of the information so that after
removing those information, the quality of the
reconstructed image is still acceptable
• There will be some loss or some distortion and
this is taken care by what is called rate
distortion theorem.
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Compare the space according to compression
• Compare the space requirement of these 3
images;
• If the original image is of size say 256 by 256
bytes that is 64 kilobytes,
• The second image which is compressed 55 times,
the second image will take slightly above
something around say 10 kilobytes.
• The third one will take something around 500
bytes or even less than 500 bytes.
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Brief History
• In fact, as early as 1920’s, image processing
techniques were been used
• The image processing techniques or the digital images
were used to transmit the news paper pictures
between London and New York and these digital
pictures were carried by submarine cables: the
systems which was known as Bartlane systems.
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Brief History..
• when you transmit these digital images via
submarine cable;
– On the transmitting side,
• A facility for digitization of the image.
– On the receiving side,
• A facility for reproduction of the image.
• The pictures were been reproduced by the
telegraphic printers.
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References
• Prof .P. K. Biswas
Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
• Gonzalez R. C. & Woods R.E. (2008). Digital Image Processing. Prentice
Hall.
• Forsyth, D. A. & Ponce, J. (2011).Computer Vision: A Modern Approach.
Pearson Education.
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