Gr 9B Week 5 – Yr.

2020/2021
Chapter 2- Describing Motion
Learning Objectives:
-To define and calculate acceleration of moving bodies
-To draw and interpret distance-time graphs of motion and
determine speed as the slope
-To draw and interpret speed-time graphs of motion and
determine acceleration as the slope and distance travelled as
the area under the graph

Vocabulary : displacement, speed, velocity, average speed,

instantaneous speed, acceleration, deceleration, slope, area
Skills Developed : Knowledge with understanding, Applying
information, problem solving
Performance indicators : Selected questions from Past
papers
“ Chapter – 2

Describing Motion

”
What’s a
vector ?
 What’s a
vector ?

A physical quantity
that has size and
direction. E.g force,
displacement, velocity
 What’s a
scalar ?

Quantities such as
time, mass, distance
are called scalars
because they have no
direction
Average speed+= Total Distance moved
Total Time taken

SPEED
VELOCITY
SI units: m/s or ms -1
Acceleration

 Acceleration is the rate at which

an object’s velocity changes.
Acceleration = change in velocity
time taken
Velocity measured in m/s
Time measured in s
Acceleration measured in m/s/s or m/s2
 Acceleration

Acceleration = change in velocity

time taken
Also written as: a = (v - u) = ∆v
t ∆t

u, is the initial velocity

v, is the final velocity
t or ∆t is the time in which velocity changes
Example 1: A car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
Find the acceleration

a = v - u
t
Example 1 : A car increases its
velocity from zero to 60m/s in 3s.
Find the acceleration
a = v - u
t

a = 60 – 0
3

a = 60 = 20m/s2
3
 Deceleration (retardation)

Deceleration is
negative
acceleration.
When the
object is
slowing down, it
has Acceleration is a
vector quantity
deceleration
Eg. – 4m/s2
 Example 2
6s
A B

A Car passes point A with a velocity of 10m/s. It has a

constant acceleration of 4m/s2. What is the velocity after
6 s , when it passes point B?

ans : 34 m/s
 Example 3

A body moves with a constant acceleration of

2.5 m/s2. Find the time interval in which it’s
speed increases from 15 m/s to 20 m/s.

Ans : 2 s
Example 4
Find the deceleration of a car that changed
speed from 25 m/s to 15 m/s in 5 seconds.

Ans: 2 m/s2
Graphs of Motion

 Distance- time graph

 Speed- time graph
 Distance -Time Graphs

 Shows how an object’s distance changes with

time.
 x-axis: time
 y-axis: distance
 Distance -Time Graphs

 The slope of a Distance-Time graph is equal to the

object’s speed/velocity.
change in y
50
slope =
change in x
Distance (m)

40
Distance
30 slope =
Time
20

10
slope = speed
10 20 30 40
time (s)
Distance -Time Graphs
Distance -Time Graphs
Distance -Time Graphs
Distance -Time Graphs
Travelling at constant speed
 Stationary

Travelling at constant speed

 Travelling at
constant speed

Stationary

Travelling at constant speed

Speed = distance
time
Speed = distance
time
Speed = distance
time
Speed = distance
time

Speed = 8 = 1 km/h
8
 Speed- Time Graph
Speed – Time Graph

Speed(m/s)

Speed - graph

Speed-
 Speed – Time Graph

Speed(m/s)

Speed- graph

Speed-
 Speed –Time Graphs

Speed
Speed(m/s) Speed(m/s)
 Speed-Time Graphs

Speed(m/s) Speed(m/s)
Speed- Time Graph

Speed(m/s)
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed

Steady acceleration
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed

Speed
Steady velocity

Steady acceleration
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed

Speed
Steady velocity

Steady deceleration

Steady acceleration
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed Acceleration = V - U
t
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed Acceleration = V - U
t
Acceleration from speed : time graph

Speed
Acceleration = 3 – 0 / 2
= 1.5 m/s/s (m.s-2)
 Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Acceleration = V - U Calculate the acceleration for each

t of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20 Acceleration = 40 - 0 = 4m/s2
10

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20 Acceleration = 0 (no change in

velocity)

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20 Acceleration = 20 - 0 = 2m/s2
10

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
Acceleration can be calculated by the gradient of a speed:time graph. (Remember
gradient is the difference up divided by the difference across)

80 Calculate the acceleration for each

of the 4 sections of the graph.

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20 Acceleration = 0 - 60 = -3m/s2
20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80

60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Remember that the area of a
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60
Velocity
Speed
m/s
40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Remember that the area of a
triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m

m/s
40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m

m/s
40

20

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m

m/s
40

Area =
20 400m

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Area =
100m Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m

m/s
40

Area =
20 400m

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Area =
100m Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m

m/s
40

Area = Area =
20 400m 600m

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50
 Speed-time graphs
On a speed – time graph, the area under the line is numerically equal to the
distance travelled.

80
Area =
100m Remember that the area of a
Area =
400m triangle is ½ x base x height.
60 Area =
Velocity
Speed 200m

m/s
40

Area = Area =
20 400m 600m

0 Time/s
10 20 30 40 50

The total distance travelled = 200 + 400 + 400 + 100 + 600 = 1700m