ANTHROPOLOGY

GROUP 1: BALONGA, PRINCESS ANN

BLASCO, HAREN MAY
BUTLAY, JANNAH JASMINE
SANDIMAS, GRIEZIANELLE
VALLEJO, MA. ANDREA
LIBRES, JOHN PAUL
 WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
• It is said that Anthropology is the study of ancient societies and their
cultural traditions.
• It came from the Greek word “Anthropos” which means “humankind” and
“logos” means “study”
• It investigates the people’s language, their values, technologies, and even
how they group themselves. They also investigates the way the cultural
traditions of different groups of people have changed over the years.
HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY
 METHODS
1. Neuroanthropology is a new kid on the academic block. It seems to offer
a methodological and conceptual synthesis, which bridges current fault lines
within anthropology, both as discipline and as departments. We are not
convinced that it will deliver on these grounds. However, it has the potential
to open up novel ways to do and think ‘experimental anthropology’, as a
method, as an object of study and as a research aesthetic. This approach, we
argue, is probably not neuroanthropological – it may simply be
anthropological.
There are disciplines like Chemistry and Physics which can experiment with
different chemical and physical elements. They can dissolve their objects of
study, change their form from one state into another, measure them, twist
them or bend them. However, there is little chance for such drastic
transformation in subjects like biology or social science as they deal with
living matters. In social science, the subjects of research are human beings.
So, making alteration in such subjects is not at all possible for a social
scientist. You have already learned that Anthropology is a bio-social science
which studies humans in totality. Our concern here is to learn the
Anthropological approaches in understanding the social cultural dimensions
of human life. With this limited purpose, Anthropology could not be said to
be experimental or laboratory-based science but mainly an observational and
a field-based science, which is the heart and soul of Anthropology.
Anthropological research is different from other social science researches..
For example, sociologists, by and large, work in complex societies. They
often conduct surveys, use structured interviews, and administer
questionnaires. Hence, sociology generally comes under the realm of survey
research. Psychologists conduct experiments with clients and hence,
Psychology is generally included under the realm of clinical research. On the
other hand, anthropologists being field scientists, learn from their
informants. Traditionally, they are known for their work among small scale
societies, and have devised specific methods and techniques for undertaking
holistic research. However, today Anthropology focuses on all kinds of
human societies, using different methods and techniques for their research
without losing its integrative and holistic approach and field orientation.
This is done in a systematic way by following scientific methods.
Areas of Inquiry: There are now 4 major
field of anthropology: Biology
Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology,
Linguistic Anthropology, and
Archeology.
Biological (or physical) anthropologist carry out systemic
studies of the non-cultural aspects of humans and near-humans.
Biological anthropologist are usually involved in one of three
different areas of research: human biology, primatologist, or
paleoanthropologist. Human biology is concerned with learning
about human diversity, genetic inheritance patterns, non-cultural
adaptions to environmental stresses, and other biological
characteristics of species. Homo sapiens primatologist carry out
non-human primate studies. Paleoanthropologist recover the
fossil record of early humans and their primate ancestors in order
to understand the path of our evolution.
Cultural Anthropologist area interested in learning about the
cultural aspects of human societies all over the world. They
usually focus their research on such things as the social and
political organizations, marriage patterns, and kinship systems,
subsistence and economic patterns, and religious beliefs of
different societies.
Linguistic Anthropology study the human communication
process. The focus their they research in understanding such
phenomena as physiology of speech, structure and function of
languages, social and cultural influences on speech and writing,
non-verbal communication, how languages developed over time,
and how they differ from each other.
Archaeology is interested in recovering the prehistory and early history of
societies and their cultures. Different types of Archaeologist:
1. Classical Archaeologist- Concentrate on the ancient civilizations of the
Middle East and Mediterranean world (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece,
Rome, and related peoples)
2. Historical Archaeologist- work on recovering the unrecorded aspects
of life in historically more modern society.
3. Prehistoric Archaeologist- focus their attention on the more ancient
pre-literate societies around the world.
4. Underwater archaeologist- discover and excavate ancient shipwrecks
and submerged cities.
5. Zoo archaeologist- analyze and interpret the animal remains found in
archaeological sites.
 ANTHROPOLOGIST
Bernardino de Sahagún was a Franciscan friar,
missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who
participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial
Mexico. He learned Nahuatl and spent more than 50
years in the study of Aztec beliefs, culture and
history. Though he was primarily devoted to his
missionary task, his extraordinary work documenting
indigenous worldview and culture has earned him the
title as “the first anthropologist.
Bronisław Kasper Malinowski was an
anthropologist whose writings on
ethnography, social theory, and field
research were a lasting influence on the
discipline of anthropology. Malinowski is
often considered one of anthropology's
most skilled ethnographers, especially
because of the highly methodical and well
theorized approach to the study of social
systems.
Franz Boas is an american
anthropologist of the late 19th and early
20th centuries, the founder of the
relativistic, culture-centred school of
American anthropology that became
dominant in the 20th century.
Francis Galton is an english explorer,
anthropologist, and eugenicist known
for his pioneering studies of human
intelligence. Although Galton made
contributions to many fields of
knowledge, eugenics remained his
fundamental interest, and he devoted
the latter part of his life chiefly to
propagating the idea of improving the
physical and mental makeup of the
human species by selective
parenthood.
Lee Berger is a paleoanthropologist
known for the discovery of the fossil
skeletons of Australopithecus sediba, a
primitive hominine species that some
paleontologists believe is the most
plausible link between the
australopithecenes.
Daniel Lieberman is an American
paleoanthropologist best known for his
part in developing and testing the
endurance-running hypothesis and for
his research into the biomechanics of
barefoot running.
 CONCLUSION

• Anthropology is the beginning of history.

• Anthropology has come to be known as a study of an infinite curiosity
about humans.
• The study of past and present.
• Concerned of all history of man.
• It is more on observation than experimental.