Scribd
Upload
63 views6 pages

Stalin's Collectivization Programme Explained

Stalin introduced collectivization in the late 1920s to modernize Soviet agriculture and consolidate small farms into larger, state-controlled collectives. Peasants strongly resisted collectivization and the confiscation of their land and livestock, destroying many of their animals. Those who resisted were punished harshly, with many deported or exiled. The rushed implementation of collectivization led to massive famines in the early 1930s that killed over 4 million people and contributed to the failure to initially increase agricultural production. Stalin charged critics of collectivization within the Communist Party with conspiracy and had many imprisoned in labor camps, where many were tortured and executed.

Uploaded by

Siddhi Mehta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
63 views6 pages

Stalin's Collectivization Programme Explained

Stalin introduced collectivization in the late 1920s to modernize Soviet agriculture and consolidate small farms into larger, state-controlled collectives. Peasants strongly resisted collectivization and the confiscation of their land and livestock, destroying many of their animals. Those who resisted were punished harshly, with many deported or exiled. The rushed implementation of collectivization led to massive famines in the early 1930s that killed over 4 million people and contributed to the failure to initially increase agricultural production. Stalin charged critics of collectivization within the Communist Party with conspiracy and had many imprisoned in labor camps, where many were tortured and executed.

Uploaded by

Siddhi Mehta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

 32.Discuss Stalin’s collectivization programme.

 33.How did peasants react to Stalin’s collectivization


programme? How were they treated?
Questions  34.What led to the failure of Stalin’s collectivization?
 35.How did Stalin charged his critics?
 36.What was the global impact of the Russian Revolution?
 Stalin, who headed the party after the death of Lenin, introduced firm
emergency measures.
 He believed that rich peasants and traders in the countryside were
holding stocks in the hope of higher prices. Speculation had to be
stopped and supplies confiscated.
32.Discuss  In 1928, Party members toured the grain-producing areas, supervising
enforced grain collections, and raiding ‘kulaks’ – the name for well-to-do
Stalin’s peasants.
collectivization  As shortages continued, the decision was taken to collectivize farms.

programme.  It was argued that grain shortages were partly due to the small size of
holdings. After 1917, land had been given over to peasants.
 These small-sized peasant farms could not be modernised.
 To develop modern farms, and run them along industrial lines with
machinery, it was necessary to ‘eliminate kulaks’, take away land from
peasants, and establish state-controlled large farms.
 From 1929,the Party forced all peasants to cultivate in collective
farms (kolkhoz).The bulk of land and implements were
transferred to the ownership of collective farms.
33.How did  Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared.
peasants react to  Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their
Stalin’s livestock. Between 1929 and 1931, the number of cattle fell by
one-third.
collectivization  Those who resisted collectivization were severely punished.
programme? Many were deported and exiled.
How were they  As they resisted collectivization, peasants argued that they were
not rich and they were not against socialism.
treated?  They merely did not want to work in collective farms for a variety
of reasons. Stalin’s government allowed some independent
cultivation, but treated such cultivators unsympathetically.
 In spite of collectivization, production did
not increase immediately. In fact, the bad
harvests of 1930-1933 led to one of most
34.What led to devastating famines in Soviet history when
the failure of over 4 million died
Stalin’s  Many within the Party criticized the
collectivization? confusion in industrial production under the
Planned Economy and the consequences
collectivization.
 Stalin and his sympathizers charged these
critics with conspiracy against socialism.
 Accusations were made throughout the
35.How did country, and by 1939, over 2 million were in
prisons or labor camps.
Stalin charged
 Most were innocent of the crimes, but no one
his critics? spoke for them. A large number were forced to
make false confessions under torture and were
executed – several among them were talented
professionals.
 In many countries, communist parties were formed – like the
Communist Party of Great Britain.
 The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial peoples to follow their
experiment.
36.What was  Many non-Russians from outside the USSR participated in the
Conference of the Peoples of the East (1920) and the Bolshevik-
the global founded Comin tern (an international union of pro-Bolshevik
socialist parties). Some received education in the USSR’s
impact of the Communist University of the Workers of the East.
Russian  By the time of the outbreak of the Second World War, the USSR
had given socialism a global face and world stature.
Revolution?  By the end of the twentieth century, the international reputation
of the USSR as a socialist country had declined though it was
recognized that socialist ideals still enjoyed respect among its
people. But in each country the ideas of socialism were rethought
in a variety of different ways.

You might also like