C FLOW CONTROL
• C if...else Statement
• In this tutorial, you will learn about the if statement
(including if...else and nested if..else) in C program
ming with the help of examples.
• C if Statement
• The syntax of the if statement in C programming is:
• if (test expression)
•{
• // code
•}
•C if...else Statement
• The if statement may have an optional else block. The syntax of the if..else statement is:
• if (test expression) {
• // run code if test expression is true
•}
• else {
• // run code if test expression is false
•}
•How if...else statement works?
• If the test expression is evaluated to true,
• statements inside the body of if are executed.
• statements inside the body of else are skipped from execution.
• If the test expression is evaluated to false,
• statements inside the body of else are executed
• statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution.
• How if...else statement works in C programming?
• Working of if...else Statement
• How if statement works?
• The if statement evaluates the test expression insid
e the parenthesis ().
• If the test expression is evaluated to true, statemen
ts inside the body of if are executed.
• If the test expression is evaluated to false, statemen
ts inside the body of if are not executed.
• How if statement works in C programming?
• Working of if Statement
• To learn more about when test expression is evalua
ted to true (non-zero value) and false (0), check rela
tional and logical operators.
• Example 1: if statement
• // Program to display a number if it is negative
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main() {
• int number;
• printf("Enter an integer: ");
• scanf("%d", &number);
• // true if number is less than 0
• if (number < 0) {
• printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
• }
• printf("The if statement is easy.");
• return 0;
•}
• Output 1
• Enter an integer: -2
• You entered -2.
• The if statement is easy.
• When the user enters -2, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to true. Hence, You entered -2 is displayed on the sc
reen.
•Output 2
• Enter an integer: 5
• The if statement is easy.
• When the user enters 5, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to false and the statement inside the body of if is not
executed
• Example 2: if...else statement
• // Check whether an integer is odd or even
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main() {
• int number;
• printf("Enter an integer: ");
• scanf("%d", &number);
• // True if the remainder is 0
• if (number%2 == 0) {
• printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
• }
• else {
• printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
• }
• return 0;
•}
• Output
• Enter an integer: 7
• 7 is an odd integer.
• When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is evaluated to false. Hence, the stat
ement inside the body of else is executed.
•C if...else Ladder
• The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test expression is tru
r false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2 possibilities.
• The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test expressions and execute different statem
ts.
• Syntax of if...else Ladder
• if (test expression1) {
• // statement(s)
•}
• else if(test expression2) {
• // statement(s)
•}
• else if (test expression3) {
• // statement(s)
•}
•.
•.
• else {
• // statement(s)
•}
•Example 3: C if...else Ladder
• // Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main() {
• int number1, number2;
• printf("Enter two integers: ");
• scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
• //checks if the two integers are equal.
• if(number1 == number2) {
• printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
• }
• //checks if number1 is greater than number2.
• else if (number1 > number2) {
• printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
• }
• //checks if both test expressions are false
• else {
• printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
• }
• return 0;
• }
• Output
• Enter two integers: 12
• 23
• Result: 12 < 23
Nested if...else
It is possible to include an if...else statement inside the body of another if...else statement.
Example 4: Nested if...else
This program given below relates two integers using either <, > and = similar to the if...else ladder's example. However, we will use a nested if...else statement to solve this problem.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
if (number1 >= number2) {
if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
If the body of an if...else statement has only one statement, you do not need to use brackets {}.
For example, this code
if (a > b) {
print("Hello");
}
print("Hi");
is equivalent to
if (a > b)
print("Hello");
print("Hi");
