Section 7.
1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Steven S. Zumdahl
Susan A. Zumdahl
Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter 7
Chemical Reactions: An Introduction
Gretchen M. Adams • University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
p228
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
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Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Figure 7-1a p230
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Figure 7-1b p230
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Objective
1. To learn the signals that show a chemical reaction has
occurred
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
p231
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
p231
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
p231
Section 7.1
Evidence for a Chemical Reaction
p231
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
Objectives
1. To learn to identify the characteristics of a chemical
reaction
2. To learn the information given by a chemical equation
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
• In a chemical reaction, atoms are not created or destroyed.
• All atoms present in the reactants must be accounted for
in the products.
Same number of each type of atom on both sides of
arrow
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
• Chemical reactions involve a rearrangement of the ways
atoms are grouped together.
• A chemical equation represents a chemical reaction.
Reactants are shown to the left of an arrow.
Products are shown to the right of the arrow.
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
Balancing a Chemical Equation
• Unbalanced equation
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
Figure 7-2 p233
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
Balancing a Chemical Equation
• Balancing the equation
• The balanced equation
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Section 7.2
Chemical Equations
• Physical states of compounds are often given in a
chemical equation.
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Objective
1. To learn to write a balanced equation for a chemical
reaction
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
• A chemical reaction is balanced by using a systematic
approach:
Write the formulas of the reactants and products to
give the unbalanced chemical equation.
Balance by trial and error starting with the most
complicated molecule(s).
At the end check to be sure the equation is balanced
(same numbers of all types of atoms on the reactant
and product sides).
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Example
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form liquid water.
Write the formulas of the reactants and products to
give the unbalanced chemical equation.
H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l)
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p235
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p249
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Example
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form liquid water.
Balance by trial and error starting with the most
complicated molecule(s).
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Example
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form liquid water.
At the end check to be sure the equation is balanced
(same numbers of all types of atoms on the reactant
and product sides).
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Exercise
Which of the following correctly balances the
chemical equation given below? There may be more
than one correct balanced equation. If a balanced
equation is incorrect, explain what is incorrect about
it.
CaO + C CaC2 + CO2
I. CaO2 + 3C CaC2 + CO2
II. 2CaO + 5C 2CaC2 + CO2
III. CaO + (2.5)C CaC2 + (0.5)CO2
IV. 4CaO + 10C 4CaC2 + 2CO2
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Concept Check
Which of the following are true concerning balanced
chemical equations? There may be more than one true
statement.
I. The number of molecules is conserved.
II. The coefficients tell you how much of each
substance you have.
III. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
IV. The coefficients indicate the mass ratios of the
substances used.
V.The sum of the coefficients on the reactant side
equals the sum of the coefficients on the product
side.
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p239
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Figure 7-3a p234
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Figure 7-3b p234
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
Figure 7-3c p234
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p241
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p241
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p242
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p244
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p244
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p244
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p245
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p245
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
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Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p248
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p249
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p250
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
p250
Section 7.3
Balancing Chemical Equations
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