WINDOW CONSTRUCTIONS
NAMA PENSYARAH : NUR KHAIRUNISA HANANI
BT. ROSLAN
NAMA AHLI :
• SHAZRIL ZULKIEFLY
• HAMBALI
• ZULFAHMI
• ZUL FAQAAR
• SYAWAL
SASH WINDOWS
Sebuah tingkap sash atau tingkap sash
bergantung diperbuat dari satu atau lebih panel
beralihan atau "sashes" yang membentuk suatu
bingkai untuk memegang pane kaca yang sering
dipisahkan dari pane lain (atau "cahaya")
oleh muntin bars yang sempit.Walaupun apa-apa
tingkap dengan jenis glazing ini adalah secara
teknikal "sebuah sash", istilah digunakan hampir
secara eksklusif untuk merujukkan pada tingkap-
tingkap di mana panel glazed dibuka dengan
membuka secara vertikal, atau horinzontal dalam
suatu kenis digelar sebagai suatu Yorkshire atau
sliding sash
Double-hung SASH WINDOWS
This sash window is the traditional style of window
in the United Kingdom, and many other places that
were formerly colonized by the UK, with two parts
(sashes) that overlap slightly and slide up and down
inside the frame. The two parts are not necessarily
the same size. Nowadays, most new double-hung
sash windows use spring balances to support the
sashes, but traditionally, counterweights held in
boxes on either side of the window were used. These
were and are attached to the sashes using pulleys of
either braided cord or, later, purpose-made chain.
Double-hung sash windows were traditionally often
fitted withshutters. Sash windows may be fitted with
simplex hinges which allow the window to be locked
into hinges on one side, while the rope on the other
side is detached, allowing the window to be opened
for escape or cleaning
Single hung SASH WINDOWS
One sash is movable (usually the bottom one)
and the other fixed. This is the earlier form of
sliding sash window, and is also cheaper.
Horizontal sliding SASH
WINDOWS
Has two or more sashes that overlap
slightly but slide horizontally within
the frame. In the UK, these are
sometimes called Yorkshire sash
windows, presumably because of their
traditional use in that county.
Casement windows
A window with a hinged sash that swings in or
out like a door comprising either a side-hung,
top-hung (also called "awning window"; see
below), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a
combination of these types, sometimes with
fixed panels on one or more sides of the sash.
In the USA, these are usually opened using a
crank, but in parts of Europe they tend to use
projection friction stays and espagnolette
locking. Formerly, plain hinges were used with
a casement stay. Handingapplies to casement
windows to determine direction of swing; a
casement window may be left-handed, right-
handed, or double. The casement window is the
dominant type now found in the UK and parts
of Europe.
Awning windows
An awning window is a
casement window that is hung
horizontally, hinged on top, so
that it swings outward like an
awning.
Hopper windows
A window with a hinged sash that swings in or
out like a door comprising either a side-hung,
top-hung (also called "awning window"; see
below), or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a
combination of these types, sometimes with
fixed panels on one or more sides of the sash.
In the USA, these are usually opened using a
crank, but in parts of Europe they tend to use
projection friction stays and espagnolette
locking. Formerly, plain hinges were used with
a casement stay. Handingapplies to casement
windows to determine direction of swing; a
casement window may be left-handed, right-
handed, or double. The casement window is the
dominant type now found in the UK and parts
of Europe.
Tilt & slide windows
A window (more usually
a door-sized window)
where the sash tilts
inwards at the top and
then slides horizontally
behind the fixed pane
Tilt & turn windows
A window which can either tilt
inwards at the top, or can open
inwards hinged at the side.
Transom windows
A window above a door; in an exterior door
the transom window is often fixed, in an
interior door it can open either by hinges at
top or bottom, or rotate on hinges. It
provided ventilation before forced air
heating and cooling. A fan-shaped transom
is known as a fanlight, especially in the
British Isles.
Jalousie windows
Also known as a louvered window, the
jalousie window consists of parallel slats of
glass or acrylic that open and close like a
Venetian blind, usually using a crank or a
lever. They are used extensively in tropical
architecture. A jalousie door is a door with a
jalousie window.
Clerestory windows
A window set in a roof structure
or high in a wall, used for
daylighting.
skylight
A flat or slope window
used for daylighting, built
into a roof structure that is
out of reach.
Roof windows
A sloped window used for
daylighting, built into a roof structure.
Bay windows
A multi-panel window, with at least
three panels set at different angles to
create a protrusion from the wall line.
Roof lantern
A roof lantern is a multi-paned glass
structure, resembling a small
building, built on a roof for day or
moon light. Sometimes includes an
additional clerestory. May also be
called a cupola.
Oriel windows
A window with many panels. It is most
often seen in Tudor-style houses and
monasteries. An oriel window projects
from the wall and does not extend to the
ground. Oriel windows originated as a
form of porch. They are often supported
by brackets or corbels. Buildings in the
Gothic Revival style often have oriel
windows.
Thermal windows
Thermal, or Diocletian, windows
are large semicircular windows (or
niches) which are usually divided
into three lights (window
compartments) by two vertical
mullions. The central compartment
is often wider than the two side
lights on either side of it.
Fixed windows
A window that cannot be opened,
whose function is limited to
allowing light to enter (Unlike an
unfixed window, which can open
and close). Clerestory windows
are often fixed. Transom windows
may be fixed or operable.
Picture windows
A very large fixed window in a
wall, typically without glazing
bars, or glazed with only
perfunctory glazing bars near the
edge of the window. Picture
windows are intended to provide
an unimpeded view, as if framing
a picture.
Multi-lit window
A window glazed with small panes
of glass separated by wooden or
lead "glazing bars", or "muntins",
arranged in a decorative "glazing
pattern" often dictated by the
architectural style at use. Due to
the historic unavailability of large
panes of glass, this was the
prevailing style of window until
the beginning of the 20th century,
and is traditionally still used
today.
Emergency/egress windows
A window big enough and low
enough so that occupants can
escape through the opening in an
emergency, such as a fire. In the
United States, exact specifications
for emergency windows in
bedrooms are given in many
building codes. Vehicles, such as
buses and aircraft, frequently have
emergency exit windows as well.[2]
Stained glass windows
A window composed of pieces of
colored glass,
transparent, translucent or opaque,
frequently portraying persons or
scenes. Typically the glass in these
windows is separated by lead
glazing bars. Stained glass
windows were popular
in Victorian houses and
some Wrightian houses, and are
especially common in churches.
French windows
A window composed of pieces of
colored glass, transparent,
translucent or opaque, frequently
portraying persons or scenes.
Typically the glass in these
windows is separated by lead
glazing bars. Stained glass
windows were popular
in Victorian houses and
some Wrightian houses, and are
especially common in churches.
