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Quantitative Research Questions & Hypothesis

This document discusses quantitative research questions and hypotheses. It explains that quantitative studies use research questions and hypotheses to specifically focus the study. Research questions investigate a topic through clear, concise questions containing variables and populations. There are three types of questions: causal questions compare relationships; descriptive questions seek to describe phenomena; and comparative questions examine differences between groups. Hypotheses present expected relationships between independent and dependent variables and can be tested. There are null hypotheses, alternative hypotheses, non-directional hypotheses, and directional hypotheses.

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Abdul Wahab
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1K views10 pages

Quantitative Research Questions & Hypothesis

This document discusses quantitative research questions and hypotheses. It explains that quantitative studies use research questions and hypotheses to specifically focus the study. Research questions investigate a topic through clear, concise questions containing variables and populations. There are three types of questions: causal questions compare relationships; descriptive questions seek to describe phenomena; and comparative questions examine differences between groups. Hypotheses present expected relationships between independent and dependent variables and can be tested. There are null hypotheses, alternative hypotheses, non-directional hypotheses, and directional hypotheses.

Uploaded by

Abdul Wahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quantitative Research Questions & Hypothesis

Introduction

In quantitative studies, researcher use quantitative


research questions and hypotheses to shape and
specifically focus the purpose of the study
Research Questions
 Used to analyze and Investigate a topic
 It is written as question & inquisitive in nature
 A properly written question will be clear and
concise
 It should contain topic being studied(purpose),
the variables, and the population
Types of Questions
Casual Questions: Compares two or more phenomena
& determines if a relationship exists. Often called
relationship research questions.
Example: Does the amount of calcium in the diet of
Elementary school children effect the number of
cavities they have per year?

Descriptive Questions: Seek to describe a phenomena


& often study “how much” , “how often”, or “ what is
the change”.
Example: How often do college-aged students use
Twitter?
Comparative Questions: Aim to examine the
difference between two or more groups. The
question often begin with “ what is the
difference in…”.
Example: What is the difference in caloric
intake of High School girls & boys?
Hypothesis
“Hypothesis a formal statement that presents the expected
relationship between an independent & dependent
variable.” (Creswell, 1994)

Nature of Hypothesis
 The hypothesis is a clear statement what is intended to
be investigated
 A problem can not be scientifically solved unless it is
reduced to hypothesis form
 It can be tested
 It is considered valuable even if proven false
Components of Hypothesis

Variables Population Relation

“Increased faculty’s efficiency will improve students


results”
Categories of Hypothesis

Null Hypothesis

Null hypothesis always predicts that:


 No relationship between the variables being studied
 The researcher wishes to disapprove this hypothesis
 It is denoted by H0
 For Example:
 “There is no relationship between smoking and
lungs cancer.”
Alternative Hypothesis

 Alternative hypothesis always predicts that there will be a


relationship between the variables being studied
 It is denoted by Ha
 Non Directional Hypothesis:
 If the hypothesis simply predicts that there will be a
difference between two groups , then it is non directional
hypothesis. It is non directional hypothesis because it
predicts that there will be a difference but does not
specify how the groups will differ?
 “Smoking leads to lungs cancer”
Directional Hypothesis

 If hypothesis use so-called comparison terms,


such as “greater”, “less”, “better”, or “worse”,
then it is a directional hypothesis.
 It is directional because it predicts that there will
be a difference between the two groups & it
specify how two groups will differ
 “Smoking will increase the chances of lungs
cancer in a person than a person who do not
smoke”

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