Charts ? How to ..
Rapat Indikator TIK
Bandung, 4-5 September 2007
1
Fungsi & Tipe Chart
To display data in ways that are meaningful to your audience.
Type of charts : (dari Microsoft Charts)
◦ Column charts
◦ Line charts
◦ Pie charts
◦ Bar charts
◦ Area charts
◦ XY (scatter) charts
◦ Stock charts
◦ Surface charts
◦ Doughnut charts
◦ Bubble charts
◦ Radar charts
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Column Charts
Useful for :
◦ showing data changes over a period of time
◦ illustrating comparisons among items.
In column charts :
◦ horizontal axis : for categories
◦ vertical axis : for values
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Column Charts … [1]
Clustered column (2D/3D) charts Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
compare values across categories.
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
Use a clustered column chart type when
you have categories, that represent: 6
◦ Ranges of values
5
for example item counts in a histogram
◦ Specific scale arrangements 4
for example, a Likert scale with entries, such
3
as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree,
strongly disagree. 2
◦ Names that are not in any specific order
for example, item names, geographic names, 1
or the names of people.
0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
1stst Year Sales Figures
1 Year Sales Figures
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Stacked column (2D/3D) charts show
the relationship of individual items to
12 the whole, comparing the contribution
of each value to a total across
8
categories.
4
Use a stacked column chart when you
have multiple data series and when
0 you want to emphasize the total.
4
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4
Column Charts … [2] Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
100% stacked column (2D/3D ) charts
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
compare the percentage each value 100%
contributes to a total across categories.
80%
Use a 100% stacked column chart when
60%
you have three or more data series, to
emphasize the contributions to the 40%
whole, especially if the total is the same 20%
for each category. 0%
Category Category Category Category
1 2 3 4
1stst Year Sales Figures
1 Year Sales Figures
East West North
3-D column charts use three axes that
100
you can modify (a horizontal axis, a
vertical axis, and a depth axis)
50
They compare data points along the
horizontal and the depth axes. You can
North use a 3-D column chart when you want
0 West
to compare data across the categories
1st Qtr 2nd
East
3rd Qtr 4th Qtr and across the series equally. 5
Qtr
Line Charts
To display continuous data over time, set against a common scale
Ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals
In a line chart :
◦ category data is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis
◦ all value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis
Use a line chart if :
◦ your category labels are text, and are representing evenly spaced values such as
months, quarters, or fiscal years.
◦ if there are multiple series—for one series, you should consider using a category chart.
◦ if you have a few evenly spaced numerical labels, especially years.
◦ * If you have more than ten numerical labels, use a scatter chart instead
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Line Charts … [1] Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
Line and line with markers charts
displayed with or without markers, to East West North
indicate individual data values 6
Line charts are useful to show trends 5
over time or ordered categories, 4
especially when there are many data 3
points and the order in which they are 2
presented is important.
1
If there are many categories or the 0
values are approximate, you should use 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
a line chart without markers.
1stst Year Sales Figures
1 Year Sales Figures
Stacked line and stacked line with
markers charts displayed with or without
East West North
markers, to indicate individual data values,
Stacked line charts are useful to show the trend
12 of the contribution of each value over time or
ordered categories.
8 If there are many categories or the values are
approximate, you should use a stacked line
4 chart without markers.
Tip For a better presentation of this type of
0 data, you may want to consider using a stacked 7
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr area chart instead.
Line Charts … [2] Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
100% stacked line and 100% stacked line with
markers charts displayed with or without East West North
markers to indicate individual data values,
100%
100% stacked line charts are useful to show the
trend of the percentage each value contributes 80%
over time or ordered categories.
60%
If there are many categories or the values are
approximate, you should use a 100% stacked 40%
line chart without markers.
20%
Tip For a better presentation of this type of
data, you may want to consider using a 100% 0%
stacked area chart instead. 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
1stst Year Sales Figures
1 Year Sales Figures
East West North
100
3-D line charts show each row or column
of data as a 3-D ribbon. A 3-D line chart
50 has horizontal, vertical, and depth axes that
you can modify.
0 North
1st Qtr East
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr 8
4th Qtr
Pie Charts
Data, that is arranged in one column or one row only on a worksheet,
can be plotted in a pie chart.
Pie charts show the size of items in one data series, proportional to
the sum of the items, and displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.
Consider using a pie chart when:
◦ You only have one data series that you want to plot.
◦ None of the values that you want to plot are negative.
◦ Almost none of the values that you want to plot are zero values.
◦ You don't have more than seven categories.
◦ The categories represent parts of the whole pie.
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Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
Pie Charts … [1] Sales
Pie and pie in 3-D charts display the 1st Qtr
contribution of each value to a total in a 2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
2-D or 3-D format. 4th Qtr
Pull out the slices of a pie chart to
emphasize them.
Market
Market Distribution
Distribution Exploded pie and exploded pie in 3-D charts
Sales display the contribution of each value to a total
while emphasizing individual values.
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
In MS Chart, you cannot move the slices of an
3rd Qtr exploded pie individually, in that case
consider using a pie or pie in 3-D chart
4th Qtr
instead.
Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
Sales
Pie of pie and bar of pie charts display pie
charts with user-defined values extracted
from the main pie chart and combined into
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
a second pie or into a stacked bar. 3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Useful when you want to make small slices
in the main pie easier to see.
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Bar Charts
Bar charts illustrate comparisons among
individual items.
Consider using a bar chart when:
◦ The axis labels are long.
◦ The values that are shown are durations.
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Bar Charts … [1]
Market Distribution
Market Distribution
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
Clustered bar (2D/3D) charts compare values
across categories. Category 3
The categories are typically organized along
the vertical axis, and the values along the Category 1
horizontal axis. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1st Year Sales Figures
1st Year Sales Figures
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Stacked bar (2D/3D) charts show the
relationship of individual items to the whole,
Category 3 comparing the contribution of each value to a
total across categories.
Use a stacked column chart when you have
Category 1
multiple data series and when you want to
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
emphasize the total.
Market Distribution
Market Distribution
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3
100% stacked bar (2D/3D ) charts
compare the percentage each value
contributes to a total across categories. Category 3
Category 1
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%100%
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Area Charts
Area charts emphasize the magnitude of change
over time, and can be used to draw attention to
the total value across a trend.
◦ For example, data that represents profit over time can be
plotted in an area chart to emphasize the total profit.
By displaying the sum of the plotted values, an
area chart also shows the relationship of parts to
a whole.
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XY (scatter) Charts
Scatter charts :
◦ show relationships among the numeric values
in several data series
◦ plots two groups of numbers, as one series of xy coordinates.
◦ has two value axes that shows one set of numerical data
along the horizontal axis (x-axis) and another along the vertical
axis (y-axis).
◦ combines these values into single data points and displays them in
uneven intervals, or clusters.
◦ are commonly used for displaying and comparing numeric values,
such as scientific, statistical, and engineering data.
Consider using a scatter chart when :
◦ You want to change the scale of the horizontal axis.
◦ You want to make that axis a logarithmic scale.
◦ Values for horizontal axis are not evenly spaced.
◦ There are many data points on the horizontal axis.
◦ You want to effectively display worksheet data that includes pairs or grouped sets of values and
adjust the independent scales of a scatter chart to reveal more information about the grouped
values.
◦ You want to show similarities between large sets of data instead of differences between data
points.
◦ You want to compare large numbers of data points without regard to time—the more data that
you include in a scatter chart, the better the comparisons that you can make. 14
Stock Charts
Most often used to illustrate the fluctuation of
stock prices, nevertheless it may also be used for
scientific data.
◦ For example, you could use a stock chart to indicate the
fluctuation of daily or annual temperatures.
Important : you must organize your data in the
correct order to create stock charts.
◦ For example, to create a simple high-low-close stock
chart, you should arrange your data with High, Low, and
Close entered as column headings, in that order.
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Surface Charts
Is useful when you want to
find optimum combinations between two sets
of data
◦ As in a topographic map, colors and patterns
indicate areas that are in the same range of values.
Use a surface chart when both categories and
data series are numeric values.
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Doughnut Charts
Shows the relationship of parts to a whole
(like pie charts), but it can contain more than
one data series.
◦ Notes : Doughnut charts are not easy to read. Use a
stacked column or stacked bar chart instead.
Market
Market Distribution
Distribution
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
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Bubble Charts
Data that is arranged in columns on a
worksheet so that x values are listed in the
first column and corresponding y values and
bubble size values are listed in adjacent
columns, can be plotted in a bubble chart.
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Radar Charts
Radar charts compare the aggregate values of
a number of data series.
COBIT
COBIT Maturity
Maturity
PTIK Ipteknet
PO2 PDIS
4
ME PO4
0
DS7 AI3
DS2 AI6
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So …
Which charts for which
indicators ?
… You decide !!!
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